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Electronic Materials
Volume 5
Issue 2
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Electron. Mater., Volume 5, Issue 2 (June 2024) – 3 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Printed electronics is a low-cost fabrication technique with a small environmental footprint that is suitable for large-scale applications. It can be carried out to design flexible hybrid electronic systems through the functionalization of inks using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which make them electrically conductive for the design of advanced circuits. AgNP-based inks are environmentally friendly due to the fact that they are composed of particles dispersed at high concentrations within non-pollutant reagents, such as water or hydrogen peroxide. This technique has been used to fabricate basic circuits via direct handwriting, thus demonstrating the relevance of incorporating AgNPs into liquid solutions for printing electronic components on wearable and flexible substrates. View this paper
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9 pages, 4960 KiB  
Article
The Switching Characteristics in Bilayer ZnO/HfO2 Resistive Random-Access Memory, Depending on the Top Electrode
by So-Yeon Kwon, Woon-San Ko, Jun-Ho Byun, Do-Yeon Lee, Hi-Deok Lee and Ga-Won Lee
Electron. Mater. 2024, 5(2), 71-79; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat5020006 - 6 Jun 2024
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Abstract
In this study, the bipolar switching behaviors in ZnO/HfO2 bilayer resistive random-access memory (RRAM), depending on different metal top electrodes (TE), are analyzed. For this purpose, devices with two types of TE–TiN/Ti and Pd, which have varying oxygen affinities, are fabricated. X-ray [...] Read more.
In this study, the bipolar switching behaviors in ZnO/HfO2 bilayer resistive random-access memory (RRAM), depending on different metal top electrodes (TE), are analyzed. For this purpose, devices with two types of TE–TiN/Ti and Pd, which have varying oxygen affinities, are fabricated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that ZnO has a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and HfO2 exhibits both monoclinic and orthorhombic phases. The average grain sizes are 10.9 nm for ZnO and 1.55 nm for HfO2. In regards to the electrical characteristics, the I–V curve, cycling test, and voltage stress are measured. The measurement results indicate that devices with TiN/Ti TE exhibit lower set and higher reset voltage and stable bipolar switching behavior. However, a device with Pd TE demonstrates higher set and lower reset voltage. This phenomenon can be explained by the Gibbs free energy of formation (∆Gf°). Additionally, the Pd TE device shows unstable bipolar switching characteristics, where unipolar switching occurs simultaneously during the cycling test. This instability in devices with Pd TE could potentially lead to soft errors in operation. For guaranteeing stable bipolar switching, the oxygen affinity of material for TE should be considered in regards to ZnO/HfO2 bilayer RRAM. Full article
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15 pages, 12235 KiB  
Article
Silver-Doped CsPbI2Br Perovskite Semiconductor Thin Films
by Tamiru Kebede, Mulualem Abebe, Dhakshnamoorthy Mani, Aparna Thankappan, Sabu Thomas and Jung Yong Kim
Electron. Mater. 2024, 5(2), 56-70; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat5020005 - 13 May 2024
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Abstract
All-inorganic perovskite semiconductors have received significant interest for their potential stability over heat and humidity. However, the typical CsPbI3 displays phase instability despite its desirable bandgap of ~1.73 eV. Herein, we studied the mixed halide perovskite CsPbI2Br by varying the [...] Read more.
All-inorganic perovskite semiconductors have received significant interest for their potential stability over heat and humidity. However, the typical CsPbI3 displays phase instability despite its desirable bandgap of ~1.73 eV. Herein, we studied the mixed halide perovskite CsPbI2Br by varying the silver doping concentration. For this purpose, we examined its bandgap tunability as a function of the silver doping by using density functional theory. Then, we studied the effect of silver on the structural and optical properties of CsPbI2Br. Resultantly, we found that ‘silver doping’ allowed for partial bandgap tunability from 1.91 eV to 2.05 eV, increasing the photoluminescence (PL) lifetime from 0.990 ns to 1.187 ns, and, finally, contributing to the structural stability when examining the aging effect via X-ray diffraction. Then, through the analysis of the intermolecular interactions based on the solubility parameter, we explain the solvent engineering process in relation to the solvent trapping phenomena in CsPbI2Br thin films. However, silver doping may induce a defect morphology (e.g., a pinhole) during the formation of the thin films. Full article
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11 pages, 3141 KiB  
Article
Solution-Processable and Eco-Friendly Functionalization of Conductive Silver Nanoparticles Inks for Printable Electronics
by Sonia Ceron, David Barba and Miguel A. Dominguez
Electron. Mater. 2024, 5(2), 45-55; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat5020004 - 16 Apr 2024
Viewed by 661
Abstract
The functionalization of conductive inks has been carried out through the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) onto the surface of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The ink prepared using this eco-friendly chemical reagent has been characterized structurally, chemically, and morphologically, showing [...] Read more.
The functionalization of conductive inks has been carried out through the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) onto the surface of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The ink prepared using this eco-friendly chemical reagent has been characterized structurally, chemically, and morphologically, showing the presence of stable AgNPs with suitable properties as well as the absence of residual contamination. The electrical conductivity of such a solution-processable ink is evidenced for patterns designed on flexible photographic paper substrates, using a refillable fountain pen that is implemented as a printing mechanism for the fabrication of simple printed circuit boards (PCBs). The functionality and durability of the tested systems are demonstrated under various mechanical constraints, aiming to basically reproduce the normal operation conditions of flexible electronic devices. The obtained results indicate that the implementation of these AgNP-based inks is relevant for direct applications in inkjet printing technology, thus paving the way for the use of greener chemicals in ink preparation. Full article
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