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Biomaterials in Bone Regeneration: Challenges to Guarantee Appropriate Biological Features 2.0

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A special issue of Biomimetics (ISSN 2313-7673). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomimetics of Materials and Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 2474

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Berta García-Mira

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Guest Editor

Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: bone regeneration; biomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The treatment of bone defects remains a significant challenge in need of a chemical solution, despite the many therapeutic options that have been developed like autografts, allografts, and artificial scaffolds. With the development of biomaterials in recent years, biomaterials in the form of 3D‐printed scaffolds have emerged as a powerful tool in bone tissue engineering research, allowing for the creation of scaffolds with precise internal architecture and controlled mechanical and biological properties. The success of these scaffolds depends on the careful selection of materials, printing parameters, and scaffold designs. Tissue-engineered bone grafts aim to create a mechanically strong, biologically viable, and degradable bone graft by combining a three-dimensional porous scaffold with osteoblast or progenitor cells.

Moreover, there is growing interest in utilizing biomimetic electroactive biomaterials that closely mimic and recapitulate the natural electrophysiological microenvironment of healthy bone tissue, providing a favorable and conducive microenvironment to promote osteogenesis and bone regeneration under various pathological conditions.

The current challenges mainly concern ensuring appropriate biological properties for stimulating the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of specific cell populations, in addition to the vascularization of the graft. This Special Issue is an opportunity for comparison among authors who have been dealing with these topics and provides a stimulus for young researchers who are entering this fascinating field to provide their contribution and reach for ever more ambitious milestones.

Dr. Berta García-Mira
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomimetics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

bone regeneration
biomaterials
tissue engineering
osteoblast
mesenchymal stem cells
3D bioprinting
vascularization
angiogenesis
osteogenesis
growth factor

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2371 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Radiographic Study of Transcrestal Sinus Floor Elevation Using Osseodensification Technique with Graft Material: A Pilot Study

by Khrystyna Sulyhan-Sulyhan, Javier Barberá-Millán, Carolina Larrazábal-Morón, Julián Espinosa-Giménez and María Dolores Gómez-Adrián

Biomimetics 2024, 9(5), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9050276 - 4 May 2024

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Abstract

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the level of implant success after transcrestal sinus floor elevation (tSFE) using the osseodensification technique (OD) combined with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) by analyzing clinical and radiographic results. Moreover, the increase in bone height was analyzed immediately after surgery, 3 months after, and before loading by taking standardized radiographic measurements. Thirteen patients, four males and nine females, with a mean age of 54.69 ± 5.86 years, requiring the placement of one implant in the upper posterior maxilla, with a residual bone height of <8 mm and a minimum bone width of 5 mm, participated in the study. The bone gain data was obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) immediately after surgery and twelve months after the placement. The correlation between initial and final bone height with implant stability was also assessed. The results were analyzed using SPSS 23 software (p < 0.05). The results of the study indicated a 100% implant success rate after a follow-up period of twelve months. Preoperative main bone height was 5.70 ± 0.95 mm. The osseodensification technique allowed a significant increase of 6.65 ± 1.06 mm immediately after surgery. After a twelve-month follow-up, a graft material contraction of 0.90 ± 0.49 mm was observed. No correlation was observed between the bone height at the different times of the study and the primary stability of the implant. Considering the limitations of the size sample of this study, the osseodensification technique used for transcrestal sinus lift with the additional bone graft material (β-TCP) may provide a predictable elevation of the maxillary sinus floor, allowing simultaneous implant insertion with adequate stability irrespective of bone height limitations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Bone Regeneration: Challenges to Guarantee Appropriate Biological Features 2.0)

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16 pages, 2853 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Outcomes and Return-to-Sport Rates following Fragment Fixation Using Hydroxyapatite/Poly-L-Lactate Acid Threaded Pins for Knee Osteochondritis Dissecans: A Case Series

by Taichi Shimizu, Yoichi Murata, Hirotaka Nakashima, Haruki Nishimura, Hitoshi Suzuki, Makoto Kawasaki, Manabu Tsukamoto, Akinori Sakai and Soshi Uchida

Biomimetics 2024, 9(4), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9040232 - 13 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1136

Abstract

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is an uncommon injury in young active patients. There is currently a lack of knowledge regarding clinical outcomes and return-to-sport rates after fragment fixation surgery using hydroxy appetite poly-L-lactic acid (HA/PLLA) threaded pins for knee OCD among athletes. Our purpose was to investigate the clinical outcomes and return-to-sport rates following osteochondral fragment fixation using HA/PLLA pins for the treatment of knee OCD lesions among athletes. A total of 45 patients were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 31 patients were excluded, and 14 patients were included. Pre- and postoperative patient-reported outcome scores (PROSs), including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scale (KOOS), were compared. In addition, patients were categorized into four groups according to postoperative sports status: higher, same, lower than preinjury, or unable to return to sports. The mean age was 14.4 years (SD 1.67). All patients were male. All PROSs significantly improved at 6, 12, and 24 months postsurgery compared to presurgery. 50% of the patients returned to sports at the same or higher level after surgery. Fragment fixation using HA/PLLA pins leads to favorable clinical outcome scores and high return-to-sport rates in the treatment of athletes with knee OCD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Bone Regeneration: Challenges to Guarantee Appropriate Biological Features 2.0)

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Review

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17 pages, 481 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Applicability of Nanostructured Materials in Regenerating Soft and Bone Tissue in the Oral Cavity—A Review

by Giorgiana Corina Muresan, Sanda Boca, Ondine Lucaciu and Mihaela Hedesiu

Biomimetics 2024, 9(6), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9060348 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Two of the most exciting new technologies are biotechnology and nanotechnology. The science of nanostructures, or nanotechnology, is concerned with the development, testing, and use of structures and molecules with nanoscale dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm. The development of materials and tools with high specificity that interact directly at the subcellular level is what makes nanotechnology valuable in the medical sciences. At the cellular or tissue level, this might be converted into focused clinical applications with the greatest possible therapeutic benefits and the fewest possible side effects. The purpose of the present study was to review the literature and explore the applicability of the nanostructured materials in the process of the regeneration of the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: An electronic search of articles was conducted in several databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, to conduct this study, and the 183 articles that were discovered were chosen and examined, and only 22 articles met the inclusion criteria in this review. Results: The findings of this study demonstrate that using nanoparticles can improve the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteoinductivity of biomaterials. Conclusions: Most recently, breakthroughs in tissue engineering and nanotechnology have led to significant advancements in the design and production of bone graft substitutes and hold tremendous promise for the treatment of bone abnormalities. The creation of intelligent nanostructured materials is essential for various applications and therapies, as it allows for the precise and long-term delivery of medication, which yields better results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Bone Regeneration: Challenges to Guarantee Appropriate Biological Features 2.0)

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19 pages, 4310 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biological Surface Layer Formation on Bioceramic Particles for Protein Adsorption

by Reo Kimura, Daichi Noda, Zizhen Liu, Wanyu Shi, Ryota Akutsu and Motohiro Tagaya

Biomimetics 2024, 9(6), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9060347 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024

Abstract

In the biomedical fields of bone regenerative therapy, the immobilization of proteins on the bioceramic particles to maintain their highly ordered structures is significantly important. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the importance of the specific surface layer, which can be called “non-apatitic layer”, affecting the immobilization of proteins on particles such as hydroxyapatite and amorphous silica. It was suggested that the water molecules and ions contained in the non-apatitic layer can determine and control the protein immobilization states. In amorphous silica particles, the direct interactions between proteins and silanol groups make it difficult to immobilize the proteins and maintain their highly ordered structures. Thus, the importance of the formation of a surface layer consisting of water molecules and ions (i.e., a non-apatitic layer) on the particle surfaces for immobilizing proteins and maintaining their highly ordered structures was suggested and described. In particular, chlorine-containing amorphous silica particles were also described, which can effectively form the surface layer of protein immobilization carriers. The design of the bio-interactive and bio-compatible surfaces for protein immobilization while maintaining the highly ordered structures will improve cell adhesion and tissue formation, thereby contributing to the construction of social infrastructures to support super-aged society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Bone Regeneration: Challenges to Guarantee Appropriate Biological Features 2.0)

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