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Advances in Foundation Engineering for Building Structures
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Advances in Foundation Engineering for Building Structures

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 4221

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Junyoung Ko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Interests: soil–substructure interaction; foundation technologies for building remodeling; compressed air energy storage (CAES) pile; finite element analysis; geohazard monitoring; ground subsidence; offshore wind turbine foundation
Dr. Joonkyu Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
Interests: stability; foundations; numerical modelling; environmental geotechnics
Dr. Jaehyun Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
Interests: physical modelling; offshore foundation; site investigation; geotechnical lab test

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute your research to Special Issue on “Advances in Foundation Engineering for Building Structures” in Buildings.

In recent times, significant changes have occurred in the building market. We are currently faced with conflicting issues such as 1) new development and 2) securing a sustainable environment, so we must resolve them wisely.

For 1) new development, each country is competing with skyscrapers by building increasingly large and high-rising buildings. Since these super-high-rise buildings must resist the load of the superstructure, which is greater than the load of typical buildings, a new foundation type and design method are required.

Furthermore, for 2) a sustainable future, CO2 reduction policies are also needed in the building structure market. Therefore, CO2 reduction can be achieved by remodeling aging buildings rather than rebuilding them, so the market in building remodeling is steadily increasing. Building remodeling can be a complicated and challenging task because it involves the reuse of existing structural foundations and reinforcement. In addition, various renewable energy technologies such as energy pile foundation and compressed air energy storage (CAES) system pile are being utilized and developed to apply new renewable energy methods to buildings.

For this reason, the aim of this Special Issue is to discuss and share the direction of foundation technologies for building structures. Therefore, we welcome research papers and review papers on various topics that present originally theoretical, empirical, experimental, methodological, and numerical analysis results. The following topics are recommended, but not limited to:

  • Innovative foundation technologies for super-high-rise buildings;
  • Foundation technologies for building remodeling;
  • Foundation for renewable energy for buildings;
  • Ground deep excavation for building construction in urban;
  • Stability of building foundation against earthquakes;
  • Improving bearing capacity of foundation for building;
  • Building foundation using 3D printing technology.

Dr. Junyoung Ko
Dr. Joonkyu Lee
Dr. Jaehyun Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • foundation
  • pile
  • super-high-rise building
  • building remodeling
  • renewable energy
  • excavation
  • earthquake
  • bearing capacity
  • 3D print

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 10650 KiB  
Article
Analyses of Pile-Supported Structures with Base Isolation Systems by Shaking Table Tests
by Sumin Song and Sangseom Jeong
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1382; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051382 - 12 May 2024
Viewed by 280
Abstract
The dynamic behavior of a pile-supported structure with a base isolator was investigated by using 1 g shaking table model tests considering soil–structure interaction (SSI). The emphasis was placed on evaluating the effect of the with/without developed base isolator on the dynamic behavior [...] Read more.
The dynamic behavior of a pile-supported structure with a base isolator was investigated by using 1 g shaking table model tests considering soil–structure interaction (SSI). The emphasis was placed on evaluating the effect of the with/without developed base isolator on the dynamic behavior of end-bearing piles and structures. The experiment was performed through sweep tests and sinusoidal wave tests. As a result of the tests, the developed base isolator was found to effectively reduce the structure’s resonant frequencies and damped the response acceleration under resonance frequencies. According to sweep tests, the base shear force of the pile-supported structure system tends to decrease as the relative density of the soil increases during resonance. It showed that the base isolator tends to reduce significantly the response acceleration of not only the rigid-based structure but also the pile-supported structure. It was shown that although the isolated superstructure recorded large horizontal displacements, piles experienced reduced horizontal displacement and bending moments, regardless of soil conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Foundation Engineering for Building Structures)
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18 pages, 15690 KiB  
Article
Development of Eco-Friendly Soil Improvement Agent for Enhanced Slope Stability and Erosion Control in Urban Areas
by Dae-Hung Kang and Jaehong Kim
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 1021; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041021 - 5 Apr 2024
Viewed by 532
Abstract
Due to the impact of climate change, extreme rainfall events are becoming more frequent, resulting in shallow slope collapse and erosion that trigger debris flows. While traditional reinforcement methods like anchoring and nailing are effective, they can be costly and environmentally unfriendly. To [...] Read more.
Due to the impact of climate change, extreme rainfall events are becoming more frequent, resulting in shallow slope collapse and erosion that trigger debris flows. While traditional reinforcement methods like anchoring and nailing are effective, they can be costly and environmentally unfriendly. To address this issue, researchers have investigated using in situ soil reinforcement with vegetation, which is a more sustainable and economical option. In this study, a soil improvement agent was developed using leaf mold and herbal medicine to promote vegetation growth. Adding microcement and gypsum hemihydrate increased the shear strength of the soil, preventing surface erosion. A laboratory test confirmed that the combination of these ingredients effectively increased the soil’s resistance to erosion caused by rainfall. The soil improvement agent proposed in this study was applied to the case of the slope failure in the Gwangju area, South Korea, to confirm the slope stability for 10 days of rainfall. The results of numerical analysis confirmed that the reinforced slope cured by the pozzolanic reaction using the developed material improved the slope stability by 36% compared to the original soil slope during the rainy season. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Foundation Engineering for Building Structures)
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14 pages, 10038 KiB  
Article
Field Experimental Study on the Uplift and Lateral Capacity of Deep Helical Anchors and Grouped Helical Anchors in Clays
by Chi Yuan, Dongxue Hao, Shijun Ding and Mintao Ding
Buildings 2024, 14(3), 662; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030662 - 1 Mar 2024
Viewed by 692
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the bearing capability of deep helical anchors and grouped helical anchors under uplift or lateral loads using field experiments. Grouped helical anchors may serve as a viable alternative to traditional deep foundations, offering increased resistance against uplift and [...] Read more.
This research aims to investigate the bearing capability of deep helical anchors and grouped helical anchors under uplift or lateral loads using field experiments. Grouped helical anchors may serve as a viable alternative to traditional deep foundations, offering increased resistance against uplift and lateral forces. The study of group effect primarily focuses on vertically installed helical anchors, with few data available on various configurations of grouped helical anchors. This research includes a total of 12 single-helix anchors, 4 double-helix anchors, and 4 grouped helical anchors, with anchor plate diameters of 400 mm and maximum embedment depths of 7.4 m. There are two configurations of grouped helical anchors, each with different platforms. This article studies the effect of some factors, including the embedment depth, the number of anchor plates, the spacing between anchor shafts, the selection of failure criteria, and the group effect. The primary findings indicate that adding the anchor plates to single-helix anchors without extending the shaft length does not increase uplift or lateral capacity. In this soil condition, the group efficiency of double-helix anchors is higher than 1. By comparing the group efficiency and economy of the G1 and G2 grouped helical anchors, it is highly recommended to use the G2 configuration. The data obtained from this work may also serve as a valuable tool for validating numerical models used to analyze interactions among grouped helical anchors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Foundation Engineering for Building Structures)
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19 pages, 5372 KiB  
Article
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Material Stiffness beneath Pile Foundations Tip Using Harmonic Wavelet Transform
by Hyun-Ju Oh, Jung-Hoon Park and Hyung-Choon Park
Buildings 2024, 14(2), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020511 - 13 Feb 2024
Viewed by 676
Abstract
Pile foundations are used to support superstructures and play an important role in the safety of these structures. The performance of pile foundations generally depends on the conditions of the pile itself and the material under the pile tip(i.e., bottom), especially for end-bearing [...] Read more.
Pile foundations are used to support superstructures and play an important role in the safety of these structures. The performance of pile foundations generally depends on the conditions of the pile itself and the material under the pile tip(i.e., bottom), especially for end-bearing piles installed in soft soil volumes. Therefore, to assess the performance of existing pile foundations, it is crucial not only to evaluate the structural integrity of the pile itself, but also to assess the ground conditions, such as subsoil stiffness beneath the pile foundation tip. Accessing the subsoil beneath the pile foundation tip is highly challenging in the field. Hence, there is a need for the development of non-destructive pile evaluation methods that allow the assessment of subsoil stiffness beneath the pile tip without direct access to the subsoil. Various non-destructive methods have been developed for pile performance assessment. However, these conventional non-destructive methods are primarily designed for assessing the structural integrity of the pile itself, and there are no existing non-destructive pile integrity testing methods applicable to evaluate the subsoil stiffness beneath the pile tip. In this study, a non-destructive method is developed to evaluate the subsurface soil stiffness beneath pile tip without direct access. The proposed method involves applying impact loading to the easily accessible pile head and measuring the elastic waves propagated within the pile foundation due to the impact loading. These wave signals are then recorded at the pile head. The measured time–history signals are decomposed using harmonic wavelet transform. This allows the obtainment of well-defined magnitude and phase information over time for various individual frequency components composing the wave. In this study, a method is proposed to assess the stiffness of the subsoil beneath the pile tip by simultaneously utilizing the magnitude and phase information of the measured signals obtained through harmonic wavelet transform. To facilitate this, a step-by-step data analysis procedure for evaluating the subsoil stiffness beneath the pile tip is introduced. To validate the proposed method, numerical simulations were conducted using ABAQUS. The experimental data obtained from the numerical simulations were processed using the proposed method to assess the subsoil stiffness beneath the pile. The determined subsoil stiffness was then compared with the exact soil stiffness used in the numerical simulation to evaluate the validity of the proposed method. Through this analysis, the proposed method demonstrated its effectiveness in assessing the subsoil stiffness beneath piles tip installed in weak soil volume. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Foundation Engineering for Building Structures)
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18 pages, 4331 KiB  
Article
Deep Learning Approach on Prediction of Soil Consolidation Characteristics
by Mintae Kim, Muharrem A. Senturk, Rabia K. Tan, Ertugrul Ordu and Junyoung Ko
Buildings 2024, 14(2), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020450 - 6 Feb 2024
Viewed by 809
Abstract
Artificial neural network models, crucial for accurate predictions, should be meticulously designed for specific problems using deep learning-based algorithms. In this study, we compare four distinct deep learning-based artificial neural network architectures to evaluate their performance in predicting soil consolidation characteristics. The consolidation [...] Read more.
Artificial neural network models, crucial for accurate predictions, should be meticulously designed for specific problems using deep learning-based algorithms. In this study, we compare four distinct deep learning-based artificial neural network architectures to evaluate their performance in predicting soil consolidation characteristics. The consolidation features of fine-grained soil have a significant impact on the stability of structures, particularly in terms of long-term stability. Precise prediction of soil consolidation under planned structures is vital for effective foundation design. The compression index (Cc) is an important parameter used in predicting consolidation settlement in soils. Therefore, this study examines the use of deep learning techniques, which are types of artificial neural network algorithms with deep layers, in predicting compression index (Cc) in geotechnical engineering. Four neural network models with different architectures and hyperparameters were modeled and evaluated using performance metrics such as mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The dataset contains 916 samples with variables such as natural water content (w), liquid limit (LL), plasticity index (PI), and compression index (Cc). This approach allows the results of soil consolidation tests to be seen more quickly at less cost, although predictively. The findings demonstrate that deep learning models are an effective tool in predicting consolidation of fine-grained soil and offering significant opportunities for applications in geotechnical engineering. This study contributes to a more accurate prediction of soil consolidation, which is critical for the long-term stability of structural designs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Foundation Engineering for Building Structures)
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19 pages, 9305 KiB  
Article
Comparative Investigation of Axial Bearing Performance and Mechanism of Continuous Flight Auger Pile in Weathered Granitic Soils
by Xuqun Zhang, Zhili Li, Siyuan Zhang, Yaohua Sui, Chengjun Liu, Zilong Xue and Zhaofeng Li
Buildings 2023, 13(11), 2707; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112707 - 26 Oct 2023
Viewed by 771
Abstract
Axial bearing performance and mechanism of continuous flight auger (CFA) pile in weathered granitic soils, i.e., a widespread special soil in South China, were investigated by field test in this study. Load–settlement responses of four CFA piles were examined, and evolutions of shaft/base [...] Read more.
Axial bearing performance and mechanism of continuous flight auger (CFA) pile in weathered granitic soils, i.e., a widespread special soil in South China, were investigated by field test in this study. Load–settlement responses of four CFA piles were examined, and evolutions of shaft/base resistances were captured by ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings (UWFBG) with a reflectivity ≤−40 dB. Performances of CFA piles were compared with those of a slurry displacement (SD) pile at the same site, thirteen pretensioned spun high-strength concrete (PHC) piles in the literature and empirical data in design code. Test results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of the CFA pile is highest among different pile types, and typically is twice that of the SD pile. Again, CFA pile produces the highest shaft resistances at 140 kPa and 153 kPa in two weathered granitic soils, while the base resistance of 3080 kPa is between those of the SD pile and the PHC pile. By field excavation, the superior mechanism of the CFA pile is suggested to avoid the formation of in-between bentonite layers and prevent preferential baseflow along fissures, both of which can weaken the soil–pile interface. Overall, this study provides fundamental data through UWFBG and explanations based on field observations which underpin the need for developing a design code specified for CFA piles in South China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Foundation Engineering for Building Structures)
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