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Cancers
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Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Treatment of Pediatric Solid Tumors
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Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Treatment of Pediatric Solid Tumors

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 3325

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alberto Pappo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, St. Jude’s Cancer Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
Interests: pediatric melanoma; soft tissue sarcomas; pediatric gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Prof. Dr. Godfrey Chan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
Interests: neuroblastoma; brain tumors; mesenchymal stem cells; immunotherapy; beta-glucan; haploidentical HSCT

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although rare, pediatric cancers represent the leading cause of death by disease among children. Among them, solid tumors are a heterogeneous group and account for more than 60% of all pediatric malignant neoplasms. Other than brain tumors, the common types of pediatric solid tumors are soft tissue sarcomas, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma, germ cell tumors, etc. The standard treatment of pediatric solid tumors has included surgical resection, radiation, chemotherapy, and, in recent years immunotherapy and targeted therapy. The spectrum of pediatric solid tumors and their respective prognosis differ significantly and are very different from adult cancers. Therefore, the management of pediatric solid tumors remains a significant challenge, and there is a pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to improve their outcome. 

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. We look forward to receiving your contributions. 

Dr. Alberto Pappo
Prof. Dr. Godfrey Chan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric solid tumor
  • brain tumors
  • therapeutic strategies
  • immunotherapy
  • targeted therapy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 4631 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling as Frontline Diagnostics for Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors in Hong Kong
by Otto C. H. Tam, Ronnie S. L. Ho, Shing Chan, Kay K. W. Li, Tit-Leung Lam, Elaine T. Y. Cheung, Oi-Yee Cheung, Wilson W. S. Ho, Kevin K. F. Cheng, Matthew M. K. Shing, Dennis T. L. Ku, Brian H. Y. Chung, Wanling Yang, Godfrey C. F. Chan, Ho-Keung Ng and Anthony P. Y. Liu
Cancers 2023, 15(19), 4880; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15194880 - 7 Oct 2023
Viewed by 948
Abstract
This paper examines the link between CNS tumor biology and heterogeneity and the use of genome-wide DNA methylation profiling as a clinical diagnostic platform. CNS tumors are the most common solid tumors in children, and their prognosis remains poor. This study retrospectively analyzed [...] Read more.
This paper examines the link between CNS tumor biology and heterogeneity and the use of genome-wide DNA methylation profiling as a clinical diagnostic platform. CNS tumors are the most common solid tumors in children, and their prognosis remains poor. This study retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients with CNS embryonal tumors in Hong Kong between 1999 and 2017, using data from the territory-wide registry and available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue. After processing archival tumor tissue via DNA extraction, quantification, and methylation profiling, the data were analyzed by using the web-based DKFZ classifier (Molecular Neuropathology (MNP) 2.0 v11b4) and t-SNE analysis. Methylation profiles were deemed informative in 85 samples. Epigenetic data allowed molecular subgrouping and confirmed diagnosis in 65 samples, verified histologic diagnosis in 8, and suggested an alternative diagnosis in 12. This study demonstrates the potential of DNA methylation profiling in characterizing pediatric CNS embryonal tumors in a large cohort from Hong Kong, which should enable regional and international collaboration in future pediatric neuro-oncology research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Treatment of Pediatric Solid Tumors)
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14 pages, 1499 KiB  
Article
Incidence and Predictors for Oncologic Etiologies in Chinese Children with Pituitary Stalk Thickening
by Mario W. T. Li, Sarah W. Y. Poon, Claudia Cheung, Chris K. C. Wong, Matthew M. K. Shing, Terry T. W. Chow, Samantha L. K. Lee, Gloria S. W. Pang, Elaine Y. W. Kwan, Grace W. K. Poon, Ho-Chung Yau, Joanna Y. L. Tung and Anthony P. Y. Liu
Cancers 2023, 15(15), 3935; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153935 - 2 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1181
Abstract
Background: With the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of children with endocrine disorders, pituitary stalk thickening (PST) poses a clinical conundrum due to the potential for underlying neoplasms and challenges in obtaining a tissue biopsy. The existing literature [...] Read more.
Background: With the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of children with endocrine disorders, pituitary stalk thickening (PST) poses a clinical conundrum due to the potential for underlying neoplasms and challenges in obtaining a tissue biopsy. The existing literature suggests Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) to be the commonest (16%) oncologic cause for PST, followed by germ cell tumors (GCTs, 13%) (CCLG 2021). As the cancer epidemiology varies according to ethnicity, we present herein the incidence and predictors for oncologic etiologies in Hong Kong Chinese children with PST. Methods: Based on a territory-wide electronic database, we reviewed patients aged < 19 years who presented to three referral centers with endocrinopathies between 2010 and 2022. Records for patients who underwent at least one MRI brain/pituitary were examined (n = 1670): those with PST (stalk thickness ≥ 3 mm) were included, while patients with pre-existing cancer, other CNS and extra-CNS disease foci that were diagnostic of the underlying condition were excluded. Results: Twenty-eight patients (M:F = 10:18) were identified. The median age at diagnosis of PST was 10.9 years (range: 3.8–16.5), with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) being the most frequent presenting endocrine disorders. At a median follow-up of 4.8 years, oncologic diagnoses were made in 14 patients (50%), including 13 GCTs (46%; germinoma = 11, non-germinoma = 2) and one LCH (4%). Among patients with GCTs, 10 were diagnosed based on histology, two by abnormal tumor markers and one by a combination of histology and tumor markers. Three patients with germinoma were initially misdiagnosed as hypophysitis/LCH. The cumulative incidence of oncologic diagnoses was significantly higher in boys and patients with PST at presentation ≥6.5 mm, CDI or ≥2 pituitary hormone deficiencies at presentation and evolving hypopituitarism (all p < 0.05 by log-rank). Conclusions: A higher rate of GCTs was observed in Chinese children with endocrinopathy and isolated PST. The predictors identified in this study may guide healthcare providers in Asia in clinical decision making. Serial measurement of tumor markers is essential in management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Treatment of Pediatric Solid Tumors)
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Review

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21 pages, 387 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic Targeting of DNA Repair Pathways in Pediatric Extracranial Solid Tumors: Current State and Implications for Immunotherapy
by Sophia J. Zhao, Daniel Prior, Christine M. Heske and Juan C. Vasquez
Cancers 2024, 16(9), 1648; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16091648 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 785
Abstract
DNA damage is fundamental to tumorigenesis, and the inability to repair DNA damage is a hallmark of many human cancers. DNA is repaired via the DNA damage repair (DDR) apparatus, which includes five major pathways. DDR deficiencies in cancers give rise to potential [...] Read more.
DNA damage is fundamental to tumorigenesis, and the inability to repair DNA damage is a hallmark of many human cancers. DNA is repaired via the DNA damage repair (DDR) apparatus, which includes five major pathways. DDR deficiencies in cancers give rise to potential therapeutic targets, as cancers harboring DDR deficiencies become increasingly dependent on alternative DDR pathways for survival. In this review, we summarize the DDR apparatus, and examine the current state of research efforts focused on identifying vulnerabilities in DDR pathways that can be therapeutically exploited in pediatric extracranial solid tumors. We assess the potential for synergistic combinations of different DDR inhibitors as well as combinations of DDR inhibitors with chemotherapy. Lastly, we discuss the immunomodulatory implications of targeting DDR pathways and the potential for using DDR inhibitors to enhance tumor immunogenicity, with the goal of improving the response to immune checkpoint blockade in pediatric solid tumors. We review the ongoing and future research into DDR in pediatric tumors and the subsequent pediatric clinical trials that will be critical to further elucidate the efficacy of the approaches targeting DDR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Treatment of Pediatric Solid Tumors)
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