Mycorrhizal and Endophytic Fungi as a Tool for Sustainable Environments

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Protection and Biotic Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2024) | Viewed by 646

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Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA). Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
Interests: nutrient dynamics in agricultural systems; abiotic stress and fungi relationship; effects of salinity on plants; crop/endophytes relationship; sustainable agroecosystems; phytoremediation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA). Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
Interests: phosphorus solubilization and crops; abiotic stress and fungi relationship; plants/ root endophytes relationship; soil fungi, plant microbe interactions; mycoremediation, phytoremediation and endophytes in soils with hydrocarbon; mycorrhizal symbiosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A great variety of fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, dark septate fungi (DSE) and other endophytes) are associated with the roots of vascular plants, presenting a wide range of symbiotic interactions. Among their many functions, they make the uptake of nutrients by plants from organic and inorganic sources more efficient, producing extracellular enzymes, secreting organic acids, phytosiderophores, etc. Also, they produce precursors of plant hormones. They facilitate the absorption of water and at the same time mitigate the effect of salinity on plants. Those microorganisms reduce the effect of pollutants on plants, especially heavy metals. In addition, fungi not only tolerate but degrade hydrocarbons, agrochemicals and other organic pollutants, using them as a carbon source. It is also known that these fungi usually increase the resistance of crops to different kinds of phytopathogens. The gradual increase in our knowledge about these symbiosis processes expands the potential application of these natural mechanisms in agriculture and the environment. In this way, they can contribute to a more sustainable system, in order to overcome the crises that exist in the current state of our civilization. This Special Issue of Plants will highlight the advances made regarding the knowledge of the multifaceted role played by different types of fungi associated with plants under different environmental conditions. Our objective is to show recent developments and future trends in this complex topic.

Dr. Raúl S. Lavado
Dr. Viviana M. Chiocchio
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fungi functions
  • symbioses mechanisms
  • symbiotic interactions
  • nutrient availability
  • tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress
  • fungi tolerance to contaminants
  • degradation of organic compounds
  • fungi and environment
  • mycoremediation

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 2122 KiB  
Article
Effect of Rootstock Genotype and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) Species on Early Colonization of Apple
by Chris Cook, David Huskey, Mark Mazzola and Tracey Somera
Plants 2024, 13(10), 1388; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101388 - 16 May 2024
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Abstract
The effect of plant cultivar on the degree of mycorrhization and the benefits mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been documented in many crops. In apple, a wide variety of rootstocks are commercially available; however, it is not clear whether some rootstock [...] Read more.
The effect of plant cultivar on the degree of mycorrhization and the benefits mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been documented in many crops. In apple, a wide variety of rootstocks are commercially available; however, it is not clear whether some rootstock genotypes are more susceptible to mycorrhization than others and/or whether AMF species identity influences rootstock compatibility. This study addresses these questions by directly testing the ability/efficacy of four different AMF species (Rhizophagus irregularis, Septoglomus deserticola, Claroideoglomus claroideum or Claroideoglomus etunicatum) to colonize a variety of commercially available Geneva apple rootstock genotypes (G.11, G.41, G.210, G.969, and G.890). Briefly, micropropagated plantlets were inoculated with individual species of AMF or were not inoculated. The effects of the rootstock genotype/AMF interaction on mycorrhization, plant growth, and/or leaf nutrient concentrations were assessed. We found that both rootstock genotype and the identity of the AMF are significant sources of variation affecting the percentage of colonization. However, these factors largely operate independently in terms of the extent of root colonization. Among the AMF tested, C. etunicatum and R. irregularis represented the most compatible fungal partners, regardless of apple rootstock genotype. Among the rootstocks tested, semi-dwarfing rootstocks appeared to have an advantage over dwarfing rootstocks in regard to establishing and maintaining associations with AMF. Nutrient uptake and plant growth outcomes were also influenced in a rootstock genotype/AMF species-specific manner. Our findings suggest that matching host genetics with compatible AMF species has the potential to enhance agricultural practices in nursery and orchard systems. Full article
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