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A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 17819

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhiqiang Huang

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Guest Editor

School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: design and analysis of oil and gas equipment; automation and intelligence; advanced manufacturing

Prof. Dr. Mingjiang Shi

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Guest Editor

School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: intelligentization of oil and gas equipment; non-destructive testing technology; automation of workover operations; fault diagnosis

Dr. Gang Li

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Guest Editor

School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: vibration analysis; structure optimization; failure analysis; fault diagnosis; fatigue life

Dr. Zhen Chen

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Guest Editor

School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: fatigue life prediction; reliability design; safety evaluation

Dr. Yachao Ma

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Guest Editor

School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: drilling tool and technology; friction and wear; robust and optimal design; fluid dynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, breakthroughs have been reached in oil and gas equipment and technology, which have promoted the quality and efficiency of the exploration, development, storage, and transportation of oil and gas. To meet the requirements of low cost, long service life, and high efficiency, the technological progress of oil and gas equipment still faces great challenges. Innovative research on oil and gas equipment and technology can contribute to solving the current challenges.

This Special Issue on “New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology” seeks high-quality works that focus on the latest novel advances in the design, modeling, analysis, and evaluation of oil and gas equipment. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Design and optimization;
Process and safety;
Failure analysis;
Fatigue and life;
Structural reliability;
Vibration;
Rock-breaking tool and technology;
Corrosion;
Detection and monitoring;
Offshore petroleum engineering;
New technology.

Prof. Dr. Zhiqiang Huang
Prof. Dr. Mingjiang Shi
Dr. Gang Li
Dr. Zhen Chen
Dr. Yachao Ma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

oil and gas equipment
design
modeling
analysis
evaluation

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5541 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Solid–Liquid Two-Phase Flowmeter Flow-Passage Wall Erosion Evolution Characteristics and Calibration of Measurement Accuracy

by Wei Han, Lumin Yan, Rennian Li, Jing Zhang, Xiang Yang, Lei Ji and Yan Qiang

Processes 2024, 12(5), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12051012 - 16 May 2024

Viewed by 391

Abstract

Solid–liquid two-phase flowmeters are widely used in critical sectors, such as petrochemicals, energy, manufacturing, the environment, and various other fields. They are indispensable devices for measuring flow. Currently, research has primarily focused on gas–liquid two-phase flow within the flowmeter, giving limited attention to the impact of solid phases. In practical applications, crude oil frequently contains solid particles and other impurities, leading to equipment deformation and a subsequent reduction in measuring accuracy. This paper investigates how particle dynamic parameters affect the erosion evolution characteristics of flowmeters operating in solid–liquid two-phase conditions, employing the dynamic boundary erosion prediction method. The results indicate that the erosion range and peak erosion position on the overcurrent wall of the solid–liquid two-phase flowmeter vary with different particle dynamic parameters. Erosion mainly occurs at the contraction section of the solid–liquid two-phase flowmeter. When the particle inflow velocity increases, the erosion range shows no significant change, but the peak erosion position shifts to the right, primarily due to the evolution of the erosion process. With an increase in particle diameter, the erosion range expands along the inlet direction due to turbulent diffusion, as particles with lower kinetic energy exhibit better followability. There is no significant change in the erosion range and peak erosion position with an increase in particle volume fraction and particle sphericity. With a particle inflow velocity of 8.4 m/s, the maximum erosion depth reaches 750 μm. In contrast, at a particle sphericity of 0.58, the minimum erosion depth is 251 μm. Furthermore, a particle volume fraction of 0.5 results in a maximum flow coefficient increase of 1.99 × 10⁻³. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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18 pages, 7251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis via 3D FEM of the Passing Capacity of Pipeline Inspection Gauges in Bends with Different Curvatures

by Faqi Zhou, Haoye Lin, Ying Zhang, Suyang Zhao, Shuangcheng Fu and Hui Zhang

Processes 2023, 11(12), 3288; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11123288 - 24 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 749

Abstract

Pipeline inspection gauges easily become wedged in offshore and onshore small-diameter pipelines (where the outer diameter, D, of the pipe is less than 150 mm), particularly at the bends. To reveal the relationship between PIG capacity and bend curvature radius, a quantitative study on the passing capacity of PIG was conducted in this paper from three key perspectives of performance: safe application, sealing, and driving. The results demonstrate that the pipeline inspection gauge exhibits better passing capacity as the curvature radius of the bend increases. To improve the poorest passing capacity, in the case of R = 3D, different numbers of grooves are opened in the cup. The results demonstrate that the cup with 24 square grooves has a substantial impact on optimizing the passing capacity of the pipeline inspection gauge. This enhancement results in improvements in safe application performance (40.8%), sealing performance (12.22%), and driving performance (17%). This research aims to expand our understanding of blockages in small-diameter pipelines and provide a basis for optimizing the structure of the pipeline inspection gauge for small-diameter pipelines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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17 pages, 5390 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Static Characteristics of Friction Block Teeth of Coiled Tubing Drilling Robot

by Shuo Han, Xiaohua Xiao, Jianguo Zhao, Xin Zhao and Ruifan Yang

Processes 2023, 11(7), 2201; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072201 - 22 Jul 2023

Viewed by 692

Abstract

Conventional downhole traction robots only provide axial traction, while coiled tubing drilling (CTD) robots must not only overcome the axial force but also overcome the reaction torque generated by the drill bit breaking the rock. Therefore, the tooth profile of the friction block of the conventional downhole traction robot cannot achieve effective support under the simultaneous action of the axial load and circumferential load. In this paper, based on the actual reaction torque conditions generated by CTD, a mechanical model of the friction block teeth of the CTD robot under the conditions of axial traction and reverse torque is established. This reveals the influence of different tooth slope angles, axial-included angles and friction coefficients on the mechanical properties. It provides guidelines for the design of the inclination of the tooth slope, the axial angle of the tooth and the friction coefficient of the friction block of the CTD robot. It has scientific and engineering significance for the promotion of downhole robots in drilling engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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15 pages, 3638 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Technology for the Defect Inspection of Tubing and Casing

by Zhiqiang Huang, Xiaoliang Bai, Zhi Yu, Zhen Chen, Na Feng, Yufeng Ai, Shigang Song and Lili Xue

Processes 2023, 11(7), 2168; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072168 - 20 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1064

Abstract

The three-dimensional reconstruction of high-gloss/reflection and low-texture objects (e.g., oil casing threads) is a complex task. In this paper, we present a novel approach that combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and multi-layer perception (MLP) with traditional three-dimensional reconstruction methods, thereby enhancing the detection efficiency. Our method utilizes a dataset of 800 samples that includes a variety of thread defects to train a U-net-like model as a three-dimensional reconstructor. Then, an MLP model is proposed to improve the accuracy of the three-dimensional reconstructed thread profile to the level of three-coordinate measurements through a regression analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the method can effectively detect the black-crested threads of oil casing threads and quantify their proportions in the entire sample for accurate quality assessment. The method is easy to operate and can detect black threads effectively, providing a powerful tool for oil companies to ensure exploration benefits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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15 pages, 15006 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Fault Diagnosis Method for Drilling Pump Fluid Ends Based on Time–Frequency Transforms

by Aimin Tang and Wu Zhao

Processes 2023, 11(7), 1996; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11071996 - 3 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1040

Abstract

Drilling pumps are crucial for oil and gas operations. Timely diagnosis and troubleshooting of fluid end faults is crucial to ensure the safe and stable operation of drilling pumps and prevent further deterioration of faults. Hence, from a data-driven perspective, this study proposes a fault diagnosis method for the fluid end of drilling pumps based on the generalized S transform (GST) and convolutional neural networks (CNN), using the vibration signal of the fluid end. To address the issue of noise pollution in the vibration signal resulting in unclear feature information and difficult feature extraction, the vibration signal is transformed into a time–frequency diagram based on GST, which more accurately characterizes the fault characteristics of the vibration signal. An AlexNet model, improved by introducing batch normalization and optimizing the number of neurons in the fully connected layer, is used to analyze the recognition performance of the model for the normal, minor damage, and severe damage states of the fluid end of the drilling pump. Finally, the diagnosis results are compared to other methods, with the results showing that the proposed method has the highest fault diagnosis accuracy. With an average recognition rate of 99.21% for the nine types of fluid end, the method proposed in this study provides a way to accurately diagnose fluid end failures, thus supporting the safe and efficient operation of drilling pumps. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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14 pages, 3695 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Valve Life Prediction Based on PCA-PSO-LSSVM

by Mingjiang Shi, Peipei Tan, Liansheng Qin and Zhiqiang Huang

Processes 2023, 11(5), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051396 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1271

Abstract

The valve is a key control component in the oil and gas transportation system, which, due to the environment, transmission medium, and other factors, is susceptible to internal leakage, resulting in valve failure. Conventional testing methods cannot judge the service life of valves. Therefore, it is important to carry out valve life prediction research for oil and gas transmission safety. In this work, a valve service life prediction method based on the PCA-PSO-LSSVM algorithm is proposed. The main factors affecting valve service life are obtained by principal component analysis (PCA), the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is used to predict the valve service life, the parameters are optimized by using particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the valve service life prediction model is established. The results show that the predicted valve service life based on the PCA-PSO-LSSVM algorithm is closer to the actual value, with an average relative error (MRE) of 16.57% and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.2636. Valve life prediction accuracy is improved, which provides scientific and technical support for the maintenance and replacement of valves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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19 pages, 5921 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Estimation of Gas Release and Dispersion from a Submarine Pipeline

by Mingjun Yang, Rui Jiang, Xinyuan Wu and Zhongzhi Hu

Processes 2023, 11(4), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11041076 - 3 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1640

Abstract

Submarine pipeline gas releases and dispersions can cause safety concerns such as fire and explosion, which can cause serious casualties and property losses. There are many existing studies on the impacts of the horizontal diffusion distances of natural gas leakages from subsea pipelines, but there is a lack of research on the impact of influencing factors on vertical diffusion distances. Therefore, a diffusion model of natural gas leakage from a submarine pipeline is established by using the computational fluid dynamics method (CFD). The influence law and degrees of factors such as water depth at the leakage point, leak orifice size, leak pressure and the ocean current’s velocity on the leakages and vertical diffusion distances of natural gases from submarine pipelines are systematically investigated. The results show that the leaked natural gas jet enters the sea water to form an air mass, which rises continuously under the action of the pressure in the pipe and the buoyancy of the sea water. The gas mass breaks into smaller bubbles affected by the interaction between the gas–liquid two phases and continues to float up and diffuse to the overflow surface. It is also found that the ocean current’s velocity will affect the offset of leakage gas along the current direction; the depth of the leakage water, the pressure in the pipe and the leakage aperture will affect the time when the gas reaches the sea surface and the release area after a submarine pipeline’s leakage. The research results would help to support risk assessments and response planning of potential subsea gas release accidents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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18 pages, 7994 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Influence of Surface Texture Parameters of Oil Production Screw Motor Rotor on the Tribological Properties of Its Friction Pair

by Shijin Peng, Zhiqiang Huang, Meiling Wang, Chen Xiong and Ke Chen

Processes 2023, 11(2), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020618 - 17 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1130

Abstract

By researching the influence of micro-groove texture on the surface tribological properties of the stator and rotor pair of oil production hydraulic motors, this paper aims to reduce the frictional resistance moment of the spiral pair of hydraulic motors, and further solve the problem of the difficult restart of the pump of a certain type of hydraulic-driven screw pump. According to the spiral pair of screw motors, a metal-rubber flat plate reciprocating friction model is established, and rectangular micro-grooves with different texture angles and depths are machined on the surface of the metal specimen. A combination of finite element simulation and tribological tests is used to carry out a study on the influence of different texture parameters on the friction performance of the hydraulic motor spiral pair. The results showed that at a certain texture angle, the friction coefficient of each specimen basically increases with the texture depth. When the texture depth is constant, the friction coefficient increases first and then decreases with the increase of the texture angle. The texture angle is the main factor affecting the friction coefficient. Under the same test conditions, the friction coefficient of the textured specimen can be reduced by 20.2% compared with the untextured specimen. In the metal-rubber contact pair of the stator and rotor of the hydraulic motor, the friction reduction mechanism of the texture mainly transport the lubricating medium through the micro-grooves to improve the lubricating conditions. Samples with a reasonable design of texture parameters can effectively reduce the friction coefficient of the friction pair without reducing the service life of the hydraulic motor, which is conducive to the smooth restart of the oil production system of the hydraulically driven screw pump. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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15 pages, 10342 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimum Design for Inserted Tooth Slips Setting Process Based on the Furrow Effect

by Qixin Wang, Chunyan Kong, Ruihuan Tang, Wenrong Feng, Yang Li and Mingkun Yang

Processes 2023, 11(2), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020573 - 13 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1096

Abstract

This work established a finite element analysis (FEA) model of an inserted tooth-type slip assembly under bear setting load and axial load, calculated the differences between the inserted teeth of the sidetracking packer slip-formed furrow shapes on the casing face, and analyzed the setting reliability of the inserted tooth slip sidetracking packer. The orthogonal optimization analysis of the structural parameters of the sidetracking packer was carried out on the basis of the furrow effect. Finally, the setting experiment was conducted with the inserted tooth slip sidetracking packer developed to verify correctness of the FEA model and the simulation results. The results show that in the FEA and calculation of the setting process of the inserted tooth-type slip, it is not only necessary to consider the furrow friction coefficient, but also the effect of the ridge on the furrow friction coefficient. The corresponding furrow friction coefficient varies according to the different furrow effects occurring on the casing surface caused by the various types of teeth inserted on the packer slips. The furrow effect is related to the sharpness of the tooth tips of the slips. The sharper the tooth tips, the more obvious the furrow effect is. Under the dual effects of the furrow effect and the adhesion effect, the carbide teeth of the slip feed into the casing wall to produce a uniform and distinct indentation on the premise of meeting the inserted tooth strength to ensure a reliable setting and hanging the inserted tooth slip sidetracking packer. The optimal combination of slip parameters was obtained by taking the optimal bite depth uniformity as the objective function: slip tooth installation spacing L = 10 mm, slip tooth installation angle α = 80°, slip tooth diameter d = 10 mm, and slip wedge angle β = 6°. The standard deviation of bite depth uniformity of the optimized slip teeth is 74.45% lower than that before optimization. The research results of this paper basically meet the requirements of engineering applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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19 pages, 3290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leakage Model of Tubing and Casing Premium Connection Based on Sinusoidal Contact Simulation between Rough Surfaces

by Honglin Xu, Zhi Zhang, Shilin Xiang, Bin Yang and Taihe Shi

Processes 2023, 11(2), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020570 - 13 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1493

Abstract

This paper proposed a semi-theoretical model to quantitatively predict leakage rate of tubing and casing premium connections. The geometric parameters of the sealing surface profile approximated by a sinusoidal micro-convex surface were first obtained based on the random normal distribution sampling method. With the actual area prediction formula for elastic–plastic contact of an axisymmetric sinusoidal micro-convex body based on the equivalent simulation principle, the circumferential leakage width and radial average leakage height of the micro-leakage channel between sealing surfaces were then acquired with the surface roughness and geometric mean contact pressure. At last, the actual micro-leakage rate of the premium connection was derived by considering the non-uniform contact pressure distribution between sealing surfaces. An example was investigated to validate the model and reveal the sealing and leakage characteristics, and anti-leakage measures were proposed. The results show that average contact pressure, circumferential leakage width, and radial average leakage height between sealing surfaces were non-uniformly distributed. The leakage rate of a premium connection decreases exponentially with an increase in radial interference between sealing surfaces. In order to reduce leakage rate, it is beneficial to increase radial interference and lower sealing surface roughness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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24 pages, 11723 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experiment and Simulation Research on Rock Damage Mechanism in Tooth Indentation

by Qingliang Qi, Yingxin Yang, Shiwei Niu, Lian Chen and Xu Chen

Processes 2023, 11(2), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020464 - 3 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1295

Abstract

In the oil and gas drilling industry, cemented carbide teeth are one of the most widely used rock-breaking elements. In order to reveal the rock damage mechanism of tooth indentation, a series of tooth indentation experiments were conducted in this study, and an indentation simulation was also conducted as a supplement to the experiment. In the experiment, a new method to observe the inner damage status of the rock was put forward, i.e., utilizing the splitting action of the teeth to avoid unexpected rock damage that may affect the actual experiment results. The load-displacement curves and the damage status of the rock revealed that the wedge tooth was more efficient in fracturing and damaging the rock because the load requirement of the wedge tooth was lower, the narrow tooth crown generated larger specific stress in the rock; that rock-breaking advantage of the wedge tooth resulted from the occurrence of the compacted core and the tension stress generated by the core. According to the simulation results, the plastic strain in the intermediate area between the wedge teeth appeared more concentrated and increased faster, and the rock material beneath the wedge teeth was removed earlier than beneath the conical teeth, indicating that wedge teeth, disposed with proper spacing, can break rock more effectively than the conical teeth. The experiment and simulation results in this paper have proved the advantages of the wedge tooth in rock fracturing and damaging, which will provide technical support for the design and development for the drill bits applied in oil and gas drilling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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14 pages, 7130 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Signal Processing Methods of Enhanced Magnetic Memory Testing

by Xu Luo, Lihong Wang, Shufeng Cao, Qiuhan Xiao, Hongjuan Yang and Jianguo Zhao

Processes 2023, 11(2), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020302 - 17 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1411

Abstract

As a particular kind of detection technology under weak magnetization, metal magnetic memory testing is very likely to be affected by external factors in the detecting process, which may lead to incorrect results. In order to minimize the negative influence of interrupting signals and improve the detection accuracy, this paper adopted the enhanced metal magnetic memory testing method to preliminarily increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the detection signal and then compares the denoising effects of wavelet threshold denoising method, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) denoising method, EMD-wavelet threshold denoising method, ensemble EMD (EEMD), complementary EEMD (CEEMD), variational mode decomposition (VMD), local mean decomposition (LMD) and empirical wavelet transform (EWT) on the detection signal and the gradient signal respectively. The results show that the enhanced metal magnetic memory testing method can significantly increase the SNR of the obtained signal and cannot improve the SNR of a gradient signal which is generated from the obtained signal. The different denoising methods can further boost the SNR and improve the detection accuracy of the obtained signal and the gradient signal. Among the eight signal processing methods, wavelet threshold, EMD and its improved methods are more applicable in the denoising of enhanced metal magnetic memory testing signals. The Wavelet threshold denoising, EMD-wavelet threshold denoising and EEMD denoising all have good denoising effects, and the denoising results to the same signal are analogous. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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17 pages, 3358 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Novel Support Adjustment Mechanism of Wheeled Downhole Tractor

by Jianguo Zhao, Xin Zhao, Xiaohan Wei, Xu Luo and Xuecheng Dong

Processes 2023, 11(1), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010140 - 3 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1360

Abstract

Conventional design method of the downhole tractor is based on cementing casing, which is only suitable for the smooth wellbore. For the open hole well, the conventional downhole tractor has poor adaptability and even cannot work normally. In order to improve the obstacle surmounting performance of the wheeled downhole tractor (WDR) and expand the application range of the WDR, a double push rod-double spring support adjustment mechanism (DPRDSSAM) is proposed in this paper. Meanwhile, the proposed DPRDSSAM also needs to increase the traction force and the stability of the WDR in the open hole well. Kinematic simulation numerical models of both conventional support adjustment mechanism and the DPRDSSAM are established. The two models comprehensively considere the influence of different obstacle forms and sizes on the obstacle surmounting performance of the tractor. The influence of different obstacle forms on the obstacle surmounting performance of DPRDSSAM and single push rod support adjustment mechanism (SPRSAM) is analyzed. Results show that the DPRDSSAM has better obstacle surmounting performance than the SPRSAM. The DPRDSSAM can effectively promote further research and application of the tractor in the open hole well. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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14 pages, 3889 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Accumulation Conditions and Pattern of Tight Oil in the Lower Submember of the Fourth Member of the Shahejie Formation in the Damintun Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

by Weiming Wang, Qingguo Liu, Wenping Jing, Youguo Yan, Shuxia Zhang and Weichao Tian

Processes 2023, 11(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010135 - 2 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1257

Abstract

To determine the accumulation conditions and pattern of tight oil in oil shales in the Damintun Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, this study investigated the basic geological conditions of the source rocks and reservoirs in the sag using methods such as organic carbon analysis, whole-rock XRD analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results show that: (1) The high-quality source rocks in the lower submember of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (E₂S₄²) in the Damintun Sag have high organic matter abundance, favorable organic matter types, high hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency, and high fluidity. Therefore, they provide sufficient oil sources for tight oil accumulation.; (2) During the burial of organic-rich shales, the thermal degradation of organic matter produces large amounts of organic acids, which can dissolve carbonate minerals. In this way, secondary pores are formed.; (3) The special microscopic pore structure that connects fractures to pores is the key to the enrichment of tight oil is a key factor for the high oil saturation of pores in oil shales; (4) The breakthrough pressure (up to 100 MPa) and specific surface area of dolomitic mudstones in the E₂S₄² submember are significantly higher than those in other horizons. As a result, the dolomitic mudstones can effectively seal the underlying tight reservoirs; (5) Compared with the tight oil in tight sandstones, the tight oil in the oil shales in the study area has significantly superior geological conditions for reservoir formation, such as the favorable arrangement of hydrocarbon expulsion channels, low filling resistance, and the presence of reservoir spaces. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Oil and Gas Equipment and Technology)

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