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Vaccines
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Research on Immune Response and Vaccines: 2nd Edition
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Research on Immune Response and Vaccines: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 1392

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. James Galloway

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Rheumatic Disease, King's College London, London, UK
Interests: rheumatoid arthritis; inflammatory arthritis and biologic therapy; immune
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The importance of vaccination is clear with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, even though researchers have been working on vaccines for decades, many diseases such as bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral infections still don't have effective vaccines. The primary aim of vaccination is to generate a safe and effective long-term immune response against targeted diseases. Vaccines activate the immune system to produce memory T and B which will mount a rapid and robust response to antigens they have previously encountered, thus preventing the disease or reducing its severity when exposed to the pathogen later on.

In this Special Issue, we will gather research articles related to the efficacy and effectiveness of vaccines, vaccine failure, herd immunity, herd effect, and epidemiological transfer, specifically vaccine-related immune responses. We welcome research using both quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as contributions featuring under-researched populations.

Prof. Dr. James Galloway
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccines
  • immunogenicity
  • antigen recognition
  • adaptive immunity
  • cytokine response COVID-19
  • influenza
  • HPV
  • tuberculosis (BCG)
  • malaria
  • HIV

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 27314 KiB  
Article
Breakthrough Infections in SARS-CoV-2-Vaccinated Multiple Myeloma Patients Improve Cross-Protection against Omicron Variants
by Angelika Wagner, Erika Garner-Spitzer, Claudia Auer, Pia Gattinger, Ines Zwazl, René Platzer, Maria Orola-Taus, Peter Pichler, Fabian Amman, Andreas Bergthaler, Johannes B. Huppa, Hannes Stockinger, Christoph C. Zielinski, Rudolf Valenta, Michael Kundi and Ursula Wiedermann
Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050518 - 9 May 2024
Viewed by 874
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are a heterogenous, immunocompromised group with increased risk for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality but impaired responses to primary mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The effects of booster vaccinations and breakthrough infections (BTIs) on antibody (Ab) levels and cross-protection to variants [...] Read more.
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are a heterogenous, immunocompromised group with increased risk for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality but impaired responses to primary mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The effects of booster vaccinations and breakthrough infections (BTIs) on antibody (Ab) levels and cross-protection to variants of concern (VOCs) are, however, not sufficiently evaluated. Therefore, we analysed humoral and cellular vaccine responses in MM patients stratified according to disease stage/treatment into group (1) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, (2) after stem cell transplant (SCT) without immunotherapy (IT), (3) after SCT with IT, and (4) progressed MM, and in healthy subjects (prospective cohort study). In contrast to SARS-CoV-2 hu-1-specific Ab levels, Omicron-specific Abs and their cross-neutralisation capacity remained low even after three booster doses in a majority of MM patients. In particular, progressed MM patients receiving anti-CD38 mAb and those after SCT with IT were Ab low responders and showed delayed formation of spike-specific B memory cells. However, MM patients with hybrid immunity (i.e., vaccination and breakthrough infection) had improved cross-neutralisation capacity against VOCs, yet in the absence of severe COVID-19 disease. Our results indicate that MM patients require frequent variant-adapted booster vaccinations and/or changes to other vaccine formulations/platforms, which might have similar immunological effects as BTIs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Immune Response and Vaccines: 2nd Edition)
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33 pages, 808 KiB  
Review
Vaccines for the Elderly and Vaccination Programs in Europe and the United States
by Cleo Anastassopoulou, Stefanos Ferous, Snežana Medić, Nikolaos Siafakas, Fotini Boufidou, Georgia Gioula and Athanasios Tsakris
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060566 - 22 May 2024
Viewed by 364
Abstract
The share of the elderly population is growing worldwide as life expectancy increases. Immunosenescence and comorbidities increase infectious diseases’ morbidity and mortality in older adults. Here, we aimed to summarize the latest findings on vaccines for the elderly against herpes zoster, influenza, respiratory [...] Read more.
The share of the elderly population is growing worldwide as life expectancy increases. Immunosenescence and comorbidities increase infectious diseases’ morbidity and mortality in older adults. Here, we aimed to summarize the latest findings on vaccines for the elderly against herpes zoster, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), COVID-19, and pneumococcal disease and to examine vaccine recommendation differences for this age group in Europe and the United States. PubMed was searched using the keywords “elders” and “vaccine” alongside the disease/pathogen in question and paraphrased or synonymous terms. Vaccine recommendations were also sought in the European and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention databases. Improved vaccines, tailored for the elderly, mainly by using novel adjuvants or by increasing antigen concentration, are now available. Significant differences exist between immunization policies, especially between European countries, in terms of the recipient’s age, number of doses, vaccination schedule, and implementation (mandatory or recommended). Understanding the factors that influence the immune response to vaccination in the elderly may help to design vaccines that offer long-term protection for this vulnerable age group. A consensus-based strategy in Europe could help to fill the gaps in immunization policy in the elderly, particularly regarding vaccination against RSV and pneumococcus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Immune Response and Vaccines: 2nd Edition)
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