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Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants
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Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 26811

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Antonio Eduardo Palomares

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Chemical Technology, Valencia Polytechnic University, 46022 València, Spain
Interests: catalysts; zeolite catalysts
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As you know, water pollution is one of the most concerning world issues. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2025, half of the world’s population will be living in water-stressed areas. In addition, in the least developed countries, 22% of health care facilities have no water service, 21% no sanitation service, and 22% no waste management service.

Safe and readily available water is important for public health, whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, food production, or recreational purposes. Improved water supply and sanitation, and better management of water resources, can boost countries’ economic growth and can contribute greatly to poverty reduction. In 2010, the UN General Assembly explicitly recognized the human right to water and sanitation. Everyone has the right to sufficient, continuous, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water for personal and domestic use.

 Although in developed countries, due to more stringent emission limits, problems related with polluted water have decreased, they are still present in less developed countries. In order to minimize these problems, the use of new technologies is necessary to control the pollutants present in water sources or in wastewater. In this way, catalysis may play an important role by transforming pollutants in non-toxic products without the generation of wastes. This makes a difference with other techniques used for water treatment based on separation that generate waste that must be treated or disposed of. It is expected that the discovery and preparation of new catalysts active at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and the understanding of the catalytic reaction mechanisms will result in the use of new catalytic technologies for the control of water-phase pollutants.

Submissions to this Special Issue on “Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants” are welcomed in the form of original research papers or short reviews that reflect the state of the art of this important issue in the following topics: Catalytic control of pollutants in wastewater, catalytic treatments for drinking water, catalytic hydrogenation of nitrates, bromates, Cl-oxyanions, N-nitrosamines, halogenated alkanes, aromatics, etc., catalytic oxidation of organic compounds, photocatalysis for the treatment of water pollutants, electrocatalysis for the remediation of water, catalytic treatment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), mechanisms for these reactions, and catalyst characterization and stability .

Dr. Antonio Eduardo Palomares
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water pollution
  • catalytic oxidation
  • catalytic reduction
  • electrocatalysis
  • photocatalysis
  • reaction mechanism
  • catalyst characterization
  • POPs
  • nitrates
  • bromates Cl-compounds
  • aromatics

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 176 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial Catalysts: Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants
by Antonio Eduardo Palomares
Catalysts 2024, 14(4), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14040229 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 478
Abstract
Water is an essential resource for society, and it is necessary to guarantee its supply and quality [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

19 pages, 5393 KiB  
Article
Superparamagnetic Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as Visible-Light Active Photocatalyst for Efficient Degradation of Selected Textile Dye in Water
by Rabid Ullah, Fatima Khitab, Hajera Gul, Rozina Khattak, Junaid Ihsan, Mansoor Khan, Abbas Khan, Zane Vincevica-Gaile and Hani Amir Aouissi
Catalysts 2023, 13(7), 1061; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13071061 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1397
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a promising technology for the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants in water. In this study, superparamagnetic zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4) were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared [...] Read more.
Photocatalysis is a promising technology for the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants in water. In this study, superparamagnetic zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4) were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) of ZnFe2O4 were observed to have a photosensitive nature and showed characteristic visible-light-induced activation that was used for the photocatalytic degradation of a textile dye, Remazol brilliant violet 5R (RBV-5R). The effect of different operational parameters such as pH, H2O2, catalyst dosage, concentration of RBV-5R and the reusability of ZnFe2O4 as well as scavengers were investigated under visible irradiation. The almost complete degradation (99.9%) of RBV-5R was observed at pH 10, 0.1 g of ZnFe2O4 and 6 mM of H2O2 in 30 min. The photocatalytic degradation of RBV-5R followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The mineralization was calculated from total organic carbon (TOC) that was represented by 82% TOC removal in 30 min. The results revealed that visible-light-induced ZnFe2O4 photocatalysis may be a promising technology for the elimination of toxic organic dyes, such as RBV-5R, from water resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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21 pages, 7303 KiB  
Article
Green Synthesis of Silver Oxide Microparticles Using Green Tea Leaves Extract for an Efficient Removal of Malachite Green from Water: Synergistic Effect of Persulfate
by Iqra, Rozina Khattak, Bushra Begum, Raina Aman Qazi, Hajera Gul, Muhammad Sufaid Khan, Sanaullah Khan, Naheed Bibi, Changseok Han and Najeeb Ur Rahman
Catalysts 2023, 13(2), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13020227 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1939
Abstract
The removal of water pollutants by photocatalysis is a promising technique, mainly due to its environmentally friendly and sustainable nature. In this study, the degradation of a recalcitrant organic pollutant, malachite green (MG), was investigated in water by a microstructured silver oxide photocatalyst. [...] Read more.
The removal of water pollutants by photocatalysis is a promising technique, mainly due to its environmentally friendly and sustainable nature. In this study, the degradation of a recalcitrant organic pollutant, malachite green (MG), was investigated in water by a microstructured silver oxide photocatalyst. The silver oxide (Ag2O) microparticles (MPs) were synthesized by a low-cost, green method, mediated by green tea leaves extract. The surface, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized Ag2O MPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) spectrophotometry. The synthesized Ag2O MPs showed good photoactivity, represented by 83% degradation of malachite green (MG) ([C]0 = 0.4 mM, Ag2O loading = 0.1 g L−1) at neutral pH, in 3 h. Persulfate ions (PS) showed a strong synergistic effect on the efficiency of solar/Ag2O photocatalysis, represented by complete MG removal in 15 min, in the presence of 1.6 mM PS. The results revealed that solar/Ag2O, particularly solar/Ag2O/PS photocatalysis is a promising method for the elimination of toxic organic pollutants, such as malachite green, from the water environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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12 pages, 2398 KiB  
Article
The Adsorptive and Photocatalytic Performance of Granite and Basalt Waste in the Discoloration of Basic Dye
by Lariana N. B. Almeida, Tatiana G. Josue, Othavio H. L. Nogueira, Laura S. Ribas, Maria E. K. Fuziki, Angelo M. Tusset, Onelia A. A. Santos and Giane G. Lenzi
Catalysts 2022, 12(10), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101076 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1142
Abstract
The present work explored the adsorptive capacity and catalytic activity of rock powders from basaltic and granitic rocks in the discoloration of synthetic and industrial effluents containing the yellow dye Basic Yellow 96. The rock powders were characterized with scanning electron microscopy associated [...] Read more.
The present work explored the adsorptive capacity and catalytic activity of rock powders from basaltic and granitic rocks in the discoloration of synthetic and industrial effluents containing the yellow dye Basic Yellow 96. The rock powders were characterized with scanning electron microscopy associated with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, N2 physisorption and X-ray diffraction, the latter confirming the abundant presence of silica in the four materials studied. The basaltic powders presented specific surface areas between 7 and 10 times greater than those of granitic materials, which allowed up to 92% removal of the dye in 3 h of test using the basaltic powder. Despite the smaller area, the granitic materials showed considerable photocatalytic activity in 3 h, 94%, the same as that of the basaltic materials in the photocatalysis. Granitic and basaltic photocatalysts proved to be efficient in the discoloration of synthetic and industrial effluents, although TOC analyses indicated that it was not possible to promote the pollutant mineralization in the industrial effluent. Both artificial light and sunlight were effective in the photocatalysis of the dye, although the former was slightly faster. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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22 pages, 5382 KiB  
Article
Rice Straw as Green Waste in a HTiO2@AC/SiO2 Nanocomposite Synthesized as an Adsorbent and Photocatalytic Material for Chlorpyrifos Removal from Aqueous Solution
by Abeer El Shahawy, Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi, Mahmoud F. Mubarak, Abdullah E. Mousa and Ahmed H. Ragab
Catalysts 2022, 12(7), 714; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12070714 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1471
Abstract
A nano-HTiO2@activated carbon-amorphous silica nanocomposite catalyst (HTiO2@AC/SiO2) is utilized to photo breakdown catalytically and adsorb chlorpyrifos insecticide. SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction were used to examine HTiO2@AC/SiO2, synthesized through sol–gel synthesis. With an [...] Read more.
A nano-HTiO2@activated carbon-amorphous silica nanocomposite catalyst (HTiO2@AC/SiO2) is utilized to photo breakdown catalytically and adsorb chlorpyrifos insecticide. SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction were used to examine HTiO2@AC/SiO2, synthesized through sol–gel synthesis. With an average size of 7–9 nm, the crystallized form of HTiO2 is the most common form found. At varied pH, catalyst doses, agitation speed, initial pesticide concentrations, contact periods, and temperatures, HTiO2@AC/SiO2 was examined for efficiency under visible light and in darkness. Because of the pseudo-second-order kinetics observed for chlorpyrifos, chemisorption is believed to dominate the adsorption process, as indicated by an estimated activation energy of 182.769 kJ/mol, which indicates that chemisorption dominates the adsorption process in this study. The maximal adsorption capacity of chlorpyrifos is 462.6 mg g−1, according to the Langmuir isotherms, which infer this value. When exposed to visible light, the adsorption capacity of HTiO2@AC/SiO2 increased somewhat as the temperature rose (283 k 323 k 373 k), indicating an exothermic change in Gibbs free energy during the process (−1.8 kJ/mol), enthalpy change (−6.02 kJ/mol), and entropy change (0.014 J/mol K), respectively, at 298.15 K. Negative (ΔS) describes a process with decreased unpredictability and suggests spontaneous adsorption. HTiO2@AC/SiO2 may be a promising material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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9 pages, 2642 KiB  
Article
Zero-Valent Copper-Mediated Peroxymonosulfate Activation for Efficient Degradation of Azo Dye Orange G
by Bowen Yu, Zhijun Li and Silu Zhang
Catalysts 2022, 12(7), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12070700 - 26 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1417
Abstract
Zero-valent metal (ZVMs)-based persulfate activation systems are extensively applied for the elimination of organic pollutants in aqueous environments. In this study, for the first time, zero-valent copper (ZVC) was employed as the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for the efficient degradation of Orange G (OG). [...] Read more.
Zero-valent metal (ZVMs)-based persulfate activation systems are extensively applied for the elimination of organic pollutants in aqueous environments. In this study, for the first time, zero-valent copper (ZVC) was employed as the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for the efficient degradation of Orange G (OG). The physicochemical properties of ZVC were systematically characterized by FESEM, EDX, TEM, XRD and XPS measurements. Furthermore, the effects of catalyst loading, PMS dosage, OG concentration and inorganic anions on the ZVC/PMS system were, respectively, investigated and explicated. The formation of •OH and SO4•− in the system was verified by quenching experiments and then the possible reaction mechanism was proposed. This work can provide insight into water treatment technology based on ZVMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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14 pages, 1844 KiB  
Article
Decolorization and Oxidation of Acid Blue 80 in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Phases by Selected AOP Processes
by Jiří Palarčík, Olga Krupková, Petra Peroutková, Jan Malaťák, Jan Velebil, Jaromíra Chýlková and Libor Dušek
Catalysts 2022, 12(6), 644; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12060644 - 12 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1535
Abstract
This paper is a kinetic study that compares the rate of decolorization and subsequently the mineralization of Acid Blue 80 in model dyeworks wastewater, both in the homogeneous phase using the Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions, UV-C and UVC/H2O2 processes, and [...] Read more.
This paper is a kinetic study that compares the rate of decolorization and subsequently the mineralization of Acid Blue 80 in model dyeworks wastewater, both in the homogeneous phase using the Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions, UV-C and UVC/H2O2 processes, and in the heterogeneous phase, where the proven commercial photocatalysts P25, P90, and AV01 based on TiO2 were used. The influence of pH of the environment was studied and in the case of the Fenton reaction, the influence of the concentration of catalyzing Fe2+ ions on the rate of decolorization of the model wastewater was also studied. The optimal molar ratio of H2O2/Fe2+ was 10:1. For describing the reaction kinetics, first-order speed constants were best-suited. In all applied processes, the dye chromophore degraded, which was accompanied by a quantitative decolorization of the model wastewater. Subsequently, the mineralization of colorless intermediate products was studied through a decrease in COD or, more precisely, TOC. The mineralization efficiency in the homogeneous phase ranged between 18.6 and 97.1% after 24 h. In the case of heterogeneous photocatalysis, it ranged between 79.6 and 97.3% after 24 h, with efficiency declining in the order P90 > P25 > AV01. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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18 pages, 1768 KiB  
Article
Removal of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides from Water Using Heterogeneous Photocatalysis with TiO2/UV-A
by Nikola Roulová, Kateřina Hrdá, Michal Kašpar, Petra Peroutková, Dominika Josefová and Jiří Palarčík
Catalysts 2022, 12(6), 597; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12060597 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1927
Abstract
Chloroacetanilide herbicides are widely used in the agricultural sector throughout the world. Because of their poor biodegradability, high water solubility, and long persistence, chloroacetanilide herbicides have a high potential to contaminate water, and conventional water treatment processes do not ensure sufficient removal. Therefore, [...] Read more.
Chloroacetanilide herbicides are widely used in the agricultural sector throughout the world. Because of their poor biodegradability, high water solubility, and long persistence, chloroacetanilide herbicides have a high potential to contaminate water, and conventional water treatment processes do not ensure sufficient removal. Therefore, heterogeneous photocatalysis using TiO2/UV-A was investigated for the degradation of alachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor from water. Two commercially available TiO2 (P25 and AV-01) were used as photocatalysts. Different experimental setups were also tested. In addition, the toxicity of single herbicides and mixtures of their photocatalytic degradation products to the freshwater alga Chlorella kessleri was investigated via a growth inhibition test. The maximum removal efficiency for alachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor was 97.5%, 93.1%, and 98.2%, respectively. No significant differences in the removal efficiency of chloroacetanilide herbicides were observed for the photocatalysts used. Although the concentrations of all herbicides during photocatalysis decreased, the toxicity of the resulting mixtures of degradation products increased or remained the same, indicating the formation of toxic degradation products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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14 pages, 1083 KiB  
Article
Comparative Efficiencies for Phenol Degradation on Solar Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reactors: Flat Plate and Compound Parabolic Collector
by Felipe de J. Silerio-Vázquez, Cynthia M. Núñez-Núñez, María T. Alarcón-Herrera and José B. Proal-Nájera
Catalysts 2022, 12(6), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12060575 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1645
Abstract
Phenol is a recalcitrant anthropogenic compound whose presence has been reported in both wastewater and drinking water; human exposure to phenolic substances can lead to health problems. The degradation of phenol (measured as COD decrease) through solar heterogeneous photocatalysis with immobilized TiO2 [...] Read more.
Phenol is a recalcitrant anthropogenic compound whose presence has been reported in both wastewater and drinking water; human exposure to phenolic substances can lead to health problems. The degradation of phenol (measured as COD decrease) through solar heterogeneous photocatalysis with immobilized TiO2 was performed in two different reactors: a flat-plate reactor (FPR) and a compound parabolic collector (CPC). A 23 full factorial experimental design was followed. The variables were the presence of TiO2, H2O2 addition, and the type of reactor. Data were fitted to the pseudo-first-order reaction-rate-kinetics model. The rate constant for photocatalytic phenol degradation with 1 mM of H2O2 was 6.6 × 10−3 min−1 for the FPR and 5.9 × 10−3 min−1 in the CPC. The calculated figures of merit were analyzed with a MANCOVA, with UV fluence as a covariate. An ANCOVA showed that the type of reactor, H2O2 addition, or fluence had no statistically significant effect on the results, but there was for the presence of TiO2. According to the MANCOVA, fluence and TiO2 presence were significant (p < 0.05). The CPC was on average 17.4% more efficient than the FPR when it came to collector area per order (ACO) by heterogeneous photocatalysis and 1 mM H2O2 addition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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15 pages, 3400 KiB  
Article
Assessment of a Novel Photocatalytic TiO2-Zirconia Ultrafiltration Membrane and Combination with Solar Photo-Fenton Tertiary Treatment of Urban Wastewater
by Dennis Deemter, Fabricio Eduardo Bortot Coelho, Isabel Oller, Sixto Malato and Ana M. Amat
Catalysts 2022, 12(5), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12050552 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the combination of a photocatalytic TiO2-coated ZrO2 UF membrane with solar photo-Fenton treatment at circumneutral pH for the filtration and treatment of urban wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) effluents. Photocatalytic self-cleaning properties were [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to assess the combination of a photocatalytic TiO2-coated ZrO2 UF membrane with solar photo-Fenton treatment at circumneutral pH for the filtration and treatment of urban wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) effluents. Photocatalytic self-cleaning properties were tested with a UWWTP effluent under irradiation in a solar simulator. Then, both the permeates and retentates from the membrane process were treated using the solar photo-Fenton treatment. The UWWTP effluent was spiked with caffeine (CAF), imidacloprid (IMI), thiacloprid (THI), carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) at an initial concentration of 100 µg/L each. Retention on the membrane of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (P. Aeruginosa), a Gram-negative bacterial strain, was tested with and without irradiation. It was demonstrated that filtration of a certain volume of UWWTP effluent in the dark is possible, and the original conditions can then be recovered after illumination. The photocatalytic membrane significantly reduces the turbidity of the UWWTP effluent, significantly increasing the degradation efficiency of the subsequent solar photo-Fenton treatment. The results showed that the membrane allowed consistent retention of P. Aeruginosa at an order of magnitude of 1 × 103–1 × 104 CFU/mL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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22 pages, 5840 KiB  
Article
Solar Light-Assisted Oxidative Degradation of Ciprofloxacin in Aqueous Solution by Iron(III) Chelated Cross-Linked Chitosan Immobilized on a Glass Plate
by Soma Saha, Tapan Kumar Saha, Subarna Karmaker, Zinia Islam, Serhiy Demeshko, Holm Frauendorf and Franc Meyer
Catalysts 2022, 12(5), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12050475 - 23 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2005
Abstract
The massive worldwide use of antibiotics leads to water pollution and increasing microbial resistance. Hence, the removal of antibiotic residues is a key issue in water remediation. Here, we report the solar light-assisted oxidative degradation of ciprofloxacin (CPF), using H2O2 [...] Read more.
The massive worldwide use of antibiotics leads to water pollution and increasing microbial resistance. Hence, the removal of antibiotic residues is a key issue in water remediation. Here, we report the solar light-assisted oxidative degradation of ciprofloxacin (CPF), using H2O2 in aqueous solution, catalyzed by iron(III) chelated cross-linked chitosan (FeIII-CS-GLA) immobilized on a glass plate. The FeIII-CS-GLA catalyst was characterized by FTIR and 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopies as well as X-ray diffraction, revealing key structural motifs and a high-spin ferric character of the metal. Catalytic degradation of CPF was investigated as a function of solar light irradiation time, solution pH, concentration of H2O2 and CPF, as well as cross-linker dosage and iron(III) content in FeIII-CS-GLA. The system was found to serve as an efficient catalyst with maximum CPF degradation at pH 3. The specific ·OH scavenger mannitol significantly reduces the degradation rate, indicating that hydroxyl radicals play a key role. The mechanism of catalytic CPF degradation was evaluated in terms of pseudo-first-order and Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models; adsorption of CPF onto the FeIII-CS-GLA surface was evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. FeIII-CS-GLA can be reused multiple times with only minor loss of catalytic efficiency. Antimicrobial activity tests performed against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli DH5α, Salmonella typhi AF4500) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis RBW) before and after treatment confirmed complete degradation of CPF. These results establish the immobilized FeIII-CS-GLA as a rugged catalyst system for efficient photo-Fenton type degradation of antibiotics in aqueous solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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15 pages, 1846 KiB  
Article
Solar Heterogenous Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylthionine Chloride on a Flat Plate Reactor: Effect of pH and H2O2 Addition
by Pablo E. Zaruma-Arias, Cynthia M. Núñez-Núñez, Luis A. González-Burciaga and José B. Proal-Nájera
Catalysts 2022, 12(2), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12020132 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2398
Abstract
Methylthionine chloride (MTC) is a compound with several applications both in the clinical and medical industries. Nevertheless, such compounds can become an environmental problem, as they are not properly treated by wastewater treatment plants. This objective of this work was to study MTC [...] Read more.
Methylthionine chloride (MTC) is a compound with several applications both in the clinical and medical industries. Nevertheless, such compounds can become an environmental problem, as they are not properly treated by wastewater treatment plants. This objective of this work was to study MTC degradation in a flat plate reactor through solar photolysis and heterogeneous photocatalysis processes with TiO2 as a catalyst. In addition to the processes, three pH (3.5, 6.5, and 9) and the effect of H2O2 addition (no dose, 0.5, and 1 mM/L) were tested. The results show that acidic pH is the most appropriate for MTC degradation, which ranged between 56% and 68.7% for photolysis and between 76% and 86.7% in photocatalysis. The H2O2 addition resulted in lower degradation in all cases, leading the authors to conclude that the presence of peroxide actually hinders degradation in solar photolysis and photocatalysis processes. Statistical analysis showed that the constant rate reactions calculated for every process, under the same conditions of pH and H2O2 addition, are significantly different from one another, and the three factors considered for experimental design (process, pH, and H2O2) have a statistically significant effect on MTC degradation. The collector area per order confirmed higher efficiency for photocatalysis when compared to photolysis processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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12 pages, 2087 KiB  
Article
Remediation of Diethyl Phthalate in Aqueous Effluents with TiO2-Supported Rh0 Nanoparticles as Multicatalytic Materials
by Audrey Denicourt-Nowicki, Carl-Hugo Pélisson, Isabelle Soutrel, Lidia Favier and Alain Roucoux
Catalysts 2021, 11(10), 1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11101166 - 27 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1798
Abstract
An innovative “domino” process, based on an arene hydrogenation followed by a photocatalytic step, was designed for the remediation of endocrine disrupting compounds, in highly concentrated aqueous effluents. The novelty relies on the use of TiO2-supported zerovalent Rh nanoparticles as multicatalytic [...] Read more.
An innovative “domino” process, based on an arene hydrogenation followed by a photocatalytic step, was designed for the remediation of endocrine disrupting compounds, in highly concentrated aqueous effluents. The novelty relies on the use of TiO2-supported zerovalent Rh nanoparticles as multicatalytic materials (MCMs) for this two-step treatment, applied on diethyl phthalate, which is a model aromatic pollutant frequently present in aquatic environments. This nanocomposite advanced material, which was easily prepared by a green, wet impregnation methodology, proved to be active in the successive reactions, the reduction in the aromatic ring, and the photodegradation step. This sustainable approach offers promising alternatives in the case of photoresistive compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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Review

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23 pages, 4177 KiB  
Review
Application of Nanocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Purification: Challenges and Future Prospects
by Zafar Masood, Amir Ikhlaq, Asia Akram, Umair Yaqub Qazi, Osama Shaheen Rizvi, Rahat Javaid, Amira Alazmi, Metwally Madkour and Fei Qi
Catalysts 2022, 12(7), 741; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12070741 - 05 Jul 2022
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4028
Abstract
The increase in population demands for industrialization and urbanization which led to the introduction of novel hazardous chemicals in our environment. The most significant parts of these harmful substances found in water bodies remain in the background, causing a health risk to humans [...] Read more.
The increase in population demands for industrialization and urbanization which led to the introduction of novel hazardous chemicals in our environment. The most significant parts of these harmful substances found in water bodies remain in the background, causing a health risk to humans and animals. It is critical to remove these toxic chemicals from the wastewater to keep a cleaner and greener environment. Hence, wastewater treatment is a challenging area these days to manage liquid wastes effectively. Therefore, scientists are in search of novel technologies to treat and recycle wastewater, and nanotechnology is one of them, thanks to the potential of nanoparticles to effectively clean wastewater while also being ecologically benign. However, there is relatively little information about nanocatalysts’ applicability, efficacy, and challenges for future applications in wastewater purification. This review paper is designed to summarize the recent studies on applying various types of nanocatalysts for wastewater purification. This review paper highlights innovative work utilizing nanocatalysts for wastewater applications and identifies issues and challenges to overcome for the practical implementation of nanocatalysts for wastewater treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for the Removal of Water Pollutants)
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