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Hydrogen in the Energy Transition: From Production to End-Use

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 5419

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Isabel M. Cabrita

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Guest Editor

ISEC Lisboa, Institute for Higher Studies in Education and Sciences, Alameda das Linhas de Torres, 179, 1750 - 142 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: hydrogen handling and safety; fundamentals of combustion; thermo-chemical conversion processes; gas mixtures with hydrogen; energy production technologies; materials for energy conversion and storage; industrial energy processes with hydrogen
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Given the evidence of climate change and the need for a sustainable path to security of energy supply, research and advances in technology are urgently required to ensure that the expected energy transition takes place in a timely and affordable way. Hydrogen is an energy vector that offers flexibility in terms of its use either for power generation or as a carbon-free fuel used in stationary systems or for mobility, converted into other fuels or chemicals, or used to store energy temporarily.

Its potential is high in a changing world that demands more clean solutions; however, the state-of-the-art in terms of technology advancements to put this fuel/energy carrier in the market at acceptable costs and in sustainable and safe conditions needs to be ensured. On the other hand, industrial processes need new concepts for low to zero greenhouse gas emissions, including disruptive and integrated solutions with on-site hydrogen production and storage, and direct use in thermal industrial processes. There is an opportunity for researchers and technologists to put in place successful outcomes of their work, as policies around the world are being put in place, and society needs to be sure that science is advancing hydrogen energy production and storage options as well as regarding end-use, leading to cleaner and sustainable energy generation in industry.

This Special Issue aims at gathering relevant information related to research results or review articles that present concepts and deep analyses that will contribute to improve the knowledge on the state-of-the-art, technology advancements as well as research needs to accelerate energy transition by introducing hydrogen in a sustainable way.

Prof. Dr. Isabel M. Cabrita
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

hydrogen production processes
hydrogen storage
hydrogen storage systems
hydrogen transportation
hydrogen transportation systems
hydrogen in mobility
hydrogen in industry
hydrogen power technologies
hydrogen injection in gas grids
hydrogen combustion systems

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3336 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Hydrogen Production at the Gigawatt Scale in Portugal: A Technical and Economic Evaluation

by Rui P. Borges, Flávia Franco, Fátima N. Serralha and Isabel Cabrita

Energies 2024, 17(7), 1638; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071638 - 29 Mar 2024

Viewed by 475

Abstract

The European Union has committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 and green hydrogen has been chosen as a priority vector for reaching that goal. Accordingly, Portugal has drafted a National Hydrogen Strategy laying out the various steps for the development of a green hydrogen economy. One element of this strategy is the development of a gigawatt-scale hydrogen production facility powered by dedicated renewable electricity sources. This work presents an analysis of the technical and economic feasibility of a facility consisting of a gigawatt-scale polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyser powered by solar photovoltaic and wind electricity, using the energy analysis model EnergyPLAN. Different capacities and modes of operation of the electrolyser are considered, including the complementary use of grid electricity as well as different combinations of renewable power, resulting in a total of 72 different configurations. An economic analysis is conducted addressing the related annualised capital expenditures, maintenance, and variable costs, to allow for the determination of the levelised cost of hydrogen for the different configurations. This analysis shows the conditions required for maximising annual hydrogen production at the lowest levelised cost of hydrogen. The best options consist of an electrolyser powered by a combination of solar photovoltaic and wind, with limited exchanges with the electricity grid, and a levelised cost of hydrogen in the range 3.13–3.48 EUR/kg. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition: From Production to End-Use)

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15 pages, 2719 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrogen-Powered Vehicles: Comparing the Powertrain Efficiency and Sustainability of Fuel Cell versus Internal Combustion Engine Cars

by Kirill Durkin, Ali Khanafer, Philip Liseau, Adam Stjernström-Eriksson, Arvid Svahn, Linnéa Tobiasson, Tatiana Santos Andrade and Jimmy Ehnberg

Energies 2024, 17(5), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17051085 - 24 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1689

Abstract

Due to the large quantities of carbon emissions generated by the transportation sector, cleaner automotive technologies are needed aiming at a green energy transition. In this scenario, hydrogen is pointed out as a promising fuel that can be employed as the fuel of either a fuel cell or an internal combustion engine vehicle. Therefore, in this work, we propose the design and modeling of a fuel cell versus an internal combustion engine passenger car for a driving cycle. The simulation was carried out using the quasistatic simulation toolbox tool in Simulink considering the main powertrain components for each vehicle. Furthermore, a brief analysis of the carbon emissions associated with the hydrogen production method is addressed to assess the clean potential of hydrogen-powered vehicles compared to conventional fossil fuel-fueled cars. The resulting analysis has shown that the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is almost twice as efficient compared to internal combustion engines, resulting in a lower fuel consumption of 1.05 kg-H₂/100 km in the WLTP driving cycle for the fuel cell vehicle, while the combustion vehicle consumed about 1.79 kg-H₂/100 km. Regarding using different hydrogen colors to fuel the vehicle, hydrogen-powered vehicles fueled with blue and grey hydrogen presented higher carbon emissions compared to petrol-powered vehicles reaching up to 2–3 times higher in the case of grey hydrogen. Thus, green hydrogen is needed as fuel to keep carbon emissions lower than conventional petrol-powered vehicles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition: From Production to End-Use)

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21 pages, 10932 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Creation of the Hydrogen Supply Chain Decision Database

by Lei Li, Souhayl Msaadi, Hervé Manier and Marie-Ange Manier

Energies 2023, 16(24), 8081; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16248081 - 15 Dec 2023

Viewed by 821

Abstract

In the evolving landscape of sustainable energy, efficient management of the hydrogen supply chain is paramount. This study addressed the critical need for decision-making support in this sector, highlighting the development and potential impact of a comprehensive hydrogen supply chain decision database. Utilizing a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study involved the collection and analysis of data across various stages of the hydrogen supply chain. Emphasis was placed on identifying key decision-making factors, integrating diverse data sources, and employing advanced analytical techniques to enhance the database’s utility. The findings revealed significant insights into the hydrogen supply chain, including bottlenecks, efficiency parameters, and potential areas for optimization. The developed database demonstrated its capability to aid in strategic decision making, offering a tool for stakeholders to navigate the complexities of hydrogen supply and distribution. The creation of the hydrogen supply chain decision database marks a step forward in the field, providing a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals. It underscores the necessity of data-driven approaches in optimizing the hydrogen supply chain, potentially contributing to the acceleration of sustainable energy initiatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition: From Production to End-Use)

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Review

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23 pages, 4348 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Enhancing the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen with the Usage of the Byproduct Oxygen in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

by Franziska Hönig, Ganesh Deepak Rupakula, Diana Duque-Gonzalez, Matthias Ebert and Ulrich Blum

Energies 2023, 16(12), 4829; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124829 - 20 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1860

Abstract

In order to harmonizFranziska Hönige the supply and demand of green energy, new future-proof technologies are needed. Here, hydrogen plays a key role. Within the current framework conditions, the production of green hydrogen is not yet economically viable. The use of the oxygen produced and the possible increase in efficiency associated with it mostly remain unconsidered. The aim is to demonstrate that the economic efficiency of a power-to-gas (PtG) project can be increased by using the byproduct oxygen. In this research project, a water electrolyzer connected to grid is powered to supply hydrogen to a hydrogen refueling station. By utilizing the byproduct oxygen from water electrolysis for a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), it is shown that the net present value (NPV) of the project can be improved by up to 13% compared to the initial scenario. If a photovoltaic (PV) system is used in addition to grid electricity for higher green hydrogen production, the NPV can be further improved by up to 58%. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is calculated for different scenarios with and without oxygen configuration. A sensitivity analysis is then performed to find important parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition: From Production to End-Use)

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