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Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Complications and Therapy Effects in the Management of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Laboratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 8773

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Prof. Dr. Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev

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Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
Interests: laboratory medicine; extracellular matrix; civilization diseases; biomarkers;
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Pawel Olczyk

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Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
Interests: biochemistry and pathobiochemistry of connective tissue;
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue contributes original research and review articles on the role of new protein, molecular, and genetic markers used for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and for early stratification of disease severity and progression in patients with endocrine and metabolic disorders. Moreover, taking into account that in the last decade, new drugs for the treatment of civilization diseases have appeared, and new prognostic biomarkers, including genetic and molecular parameters, were proposed as important tools for better stratification of patients and monitoring the effects of implemented therapy in the treatment of endocrine and metabolic disorders. This Special Issue summarizes the basic concepts of the pathogenesis, clinic and therapy of endocrine and metabolic disorders, focusing on novel prognostic biological markers of disease that can support clinical diagnosis or predict clinical evolution and patient survival.

Prof. Dr. Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev
Prof. Dr. Pawel Olczyk
Guest Editors

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Keywords

metabolic disorders
endocrine disorders
biomarkers
proteomics
genomics
metabolomics
peptidomics

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) as a Predictive Marker for Adverse Outcomes in Children with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

by Alexandra-Cristina Scutca, Iulius Jugănaru, Delia-Maria Nicoară, Giorgiana-Flavia Brad, Meda-Ada Bugi, Raluca Asproniu, Lucian-Ioan Cristun and Otilia Mărginean

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(9), 2582; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092582 - 27 Apr 2024

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Abstract

(1) Background: Although most cases of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are managed without serious events, life-threatening complications do arise in a subset of patients. Our objective was to assess the correlation between elevated SIRI values and adverse events related to the onset of T1DM. (2) Methods: This retrospective study, spanning ten years, included 187 patients with new-onset T1DM divided into three groups based on SIRI tertiles. The primary outcome was the occurrence of acute complications during hospital admission, while the secondary outcome was prolonged Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. (3) Results: Patients with high SIRI values were more likely to experience higher disease activity, leading to longer ICU admission times and more frequent complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the SIRI was independently associated with acute complications (p = 0.003) and prolonged ICU length of stay (p = 0.003). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the SIRI’s superior predictive accuracy compared to venous pH (AUC = 0.837 and AUC = 0.811, respectively) and to the individual component cell lineages of the SIRI. (4) Conclusions: These findings emphasize the potential utility of the SIRI as a prognostic marker in identifying patients at increased risk during T1DM hospital admissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Complications and Therapy Effects in the Management of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)

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14 pages, 439 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Maternal Hypothyroidism during Pregnancy on Minipuberty in Boys

by Karolina Kowalcze, Robert Krysiak and Anna Obuchowicz

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(24), 7649; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12247649 - 13 Dec 2023

Viewed by 741

Abstract

Minipuberty is a period of increased reproductive axis activity in infancy, which seems to be implicated in the postnatal development of male genital organs. Impaired thyroid function during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal complications. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy modulates the course of male minipuberty. We compared three matched groups of male infants: sons of women with hypothyroidism uncontrolled or poorly controlled during pregnancy (group A), male offspring of women treated over the entire pregnancy with adequate doses of levothyroxine (group B), and sons born to women with no evidence of thyroid disease (group C). Salivary levels of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, as well as urine concentrations of FSH and LH, were assessed once a month in the first 6 months of life, and once every two months between months 6 and 12. Gonadotropin and testosterone levels during the first 6 months of life were lower in group A than in groups B and C. Differences in testosterone and gonadotropin levels were accompanied by similar differences in penile length and testicular volume. Concentrations of the remaining hormones did not differ between the study groups. The obtained results suggest that untreated or undertreated maternal thyroid hypofunction in pregnancy has an inhibitory effect on postnatal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and genital organ development in their male offspring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Complications and Therapy Effects in the Management of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)

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16 pages, 684 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selected Parameters of Bone Turnover in Neuroendocrine Tumors—A Potential Clinical Use?

by Janusz Strzelczyk, Monika Wójcik-Giertuga, Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk, Alicja Prawdzic Seńkowska, Krzysztof Biernacki and Beata Kos-Kudła

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(14), 4608; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144608 - 11 Jul 2023

Viewed by 897

Abstract

Background: Currently, there are no effective markers to diagnose and monitor patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of this study was to assess bone metabolism based on selected markers of bone turnover: OST, OPG, and IGFBP-3, in both the group of patients with NETs and the control group. Associations with selected sociodemographic, biochemical, and clinicopathological characteristics were examined. We also evaluated any potential associations between these markers and selected biochemical markers of NETs commonly used in clinical practice. Methods: The study group included 60 patients with GEP-NETs and BP-NETs, while the control group comprised 62 healthy individuals. The serum concentrations of OST, OPG and IGFBP-3 were assessed using ELISA. Results: OST and OPG levels were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. In the study group, we observed a significant correlation between OPG and the clinical stage and chromogranin A. Additionally, an association was found between OPG and histological grade, Ki-67, and metastasis in GEP-NET cases. Conclusions: Markers of bone turnover cannot be used in the routine diagnostics of neuroendocrine tumors. Nonetheless, these markers may help evaluate the skeletal system in patients with NETs. Further research is needed to determine the utility of osteocalcin (OST) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) as potential biomarkers for neuroendocrine tumors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Complications and Therapy Effects in the Management of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)

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12 pages, 548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Metformin on Plasma Prolactin Levels in Young Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

by Robert Krysiak, Karolina Kowalcze, Andrzej Madej and Bogusław Okopień

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(11), 3769; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113769 - 31 May 2023

Viewed by 1456

Abstract

Metformin decreases elevated prolactin levels, which are frequently found in patients with thyroid disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate whether thyroid autoimmunity modulates the impact of metformin on lactotrope secretory function. This study compared two matched groups of young women with prediabetes and mild-to-moderate prolactin excess: 28 subjects with coexisting euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis (group 1) and 28 individuals without thyroid disorders (group 2), treated for six months with metformin (3 g daily). Thyroid antibody titers, glucose homeostasis markers, prolactin, thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, FSH, LH, ACTH, IGF-1 and hsCRP were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. At entry, the study groups differed in antibody titers and hsCRP levels. Although the improvement in glucose homeostasis and the decrease in hsCRP levels were observed in both study groups, they were more pronounced in group 2. Only in group 2 did metformin reduce circulating prolactin levels (both total and monomeric). Prolactin-lowering properties of metformin positively correlated with baseline prolactin levels, baseline antibody titers (in group 1) and with the degree of reduction in hsCRP levels. The obtained results suggest that autoimmune thyroiditis may attenuate the impact of metformin on lactotrope secretory function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Complications and Therapy Effects in the Management of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)

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14 pages, 513 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D Status Determines the Impact of Metformin on Gonadotropin Levels in Postmenopausal Women

by Robert Krysiak, Karolina Kowalcze, Witold Szkróbka and Bogusław Okopień

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(11), 3715; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113715 - 27 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2519

Abstract

Metformin was found to decrease elevated levels of anterior pituitary hormones. Its impact on lactotrope secretory function was absent in women with vitamin D insufficiency. This study investigated whether vitamin D status determines metformin action on overactive gonadotropes. We compared the effect of six-month metformin treatment on the plasma levels of gonadotropins, TSH, prolactin, ACTH, estradiol, free thyroid hormones, IGF-1, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as on glucose homeostasis markers between three matched groups of postmenopausal women at high risk for diabetes: untreated subjects with vitamin D insufficiency (group A), untreated women with normal vitamin D status (group B), and individuals receiving vitamin D supplementation with normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (group C). Only in groups B and C did metformin reduce FSH levels and tend to decrease LH levels, and these effects correlated with baseline gonadotropin levels, baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and the improvement in insulin sensitivity. Follow-up gonadotropin levels were higher in group A than in the other two groups. The drug did not affect circulating levels of TSH, prolactin, ACTH, estradiol, free thyroid hormones, IGF-1, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The obtained results suggest that the impact of metformin on gonadotropin secretion in women after menopause is determined by vitamin D status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Complications and Therapy Effects in the Management of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)

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12 pages, 659 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Cadmium on Oxidative Stress Indices and Vitamin D Concentrations in Children

by Artur Chwalba, Joanna Orłowska, Michał Słota, Marta Jeziorska, Kinga Filipecka, Francesco Bellanti, Michał Dobrakowski, Aleksandra Kasperczyk, Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka and Sławomir Kasperczyk

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(4), 1572; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041572 - 16 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2103

Abstract

Heavy metal poisoning can have serious health consequences, including damage to the brain, kidneys, and other organs. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the body over time and the exposure to this element has been linked to a variety of adverse health effects. Cadmium toxicity can lead to an imbalance in the cellular redox state and be a source of oxidative stress. On the molecular level, cadmium ions negatively affect cellular metabolism, including the disruption of energy production, protein synthesis, and DNA damage. The study has been carried out on a group of 140 school-age children (8 to 14 years old) inhabiting the industrialized areas of Upper Silesia. The study population was divided into two sub-groups based on the median concentration of cadmium in blood (0.27 µg/L): Low-CdB and High-CdB. Measured traits comprised blood cadmium levels (CdB) as well as a blood count and selected oxidative stress markers. This research study aimed to demonstrate a correlation between the impact of exposure to elevated cadmium concentrations in a population of children and certain markers of oxidative stress, and 25-OH vitamin D3 concentration. A negative correlation has been found between cadmium concentration and 25-OH vitamin D3 level, protein sulfhydryl groups content in blood serum, glutathione reductase activity, and lipofuscin and malondialdehyde levels in erythrocytes. The concentration of 25-OH vitamin D₃ in the High-CdB group was decreased by 23%. The oxidative stress indices can be considered a valuable indicator of early Cd-toxicity effects to be included in the routinely-applied cadmium exposure monitoring parameters, allowing the evaluation of stress intensity to the cell metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Complications and Therapy Effects in the Management of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)

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